One of the country’s largest banks, Morgan Stanley, is losing its chief financial officer to Google in the most visible example yet of the flow of talent from Wall Street to Silicon Valley.
美國銀行業巨擘摩根士丹利的財務長即將跳槽到谷歌，這是華爾街人才流向矽谷迄今最鮮明的例證。
Ruth Porat, Morgan Stanley’s chief financial officer since 2010, has been one of the most powerful women in a financial industry that has struggled to promote and hold on to its female executives. She is going to Silicon Valley while it is facing its own issues about gender balance. Ms. Porat, 57, will be the first woman in Google’s senior ranks .
在努力提拔和留住女高管的金融業中，2010年開始擔任摩根士丹利財務長的露絲．波拉特是最具影響力的女性之一。她將跳槽目前正面臨兩性平衡問題的矽谷。57歲的波拉特將是谷歌高管階層的首位女性。
She is following in the steps of other big names from the bastions of East Coast power who have recently decamped to the ascendant technology industry on the West Coast. The former White House spokesman Jay Carney said last month that he was joining Amazon. com, and the former Obama aide David Plouffe joined Uber last year.
波拉特正跟隨一些大名鼎鼎人物的腳步，這些人最近從東岸的權力堡壘拔營，轉投效西岸欣欣向榮的科技業。上月，前白宮發言人傑伊．卡尼說他即將加入亞馬遜；美國總統歐巴馬前助理大衛．普洛夫1年前投入「優步」行列。
But Silicon Valley has been drawing much of its most valuable new talent from Wall Street. A top banker at Goldman Sachs, Anthony J. Noto, moved west last year to become the chief financial officer at Twitter.
不過，吸引華爾街最有價值新人才最多的是矽谷。去年，高盛集團高管安東尼．Ｊ．諾托跳槽到西岸擔任推特的財務長。
Less than a decade ago, Wall Street firms were the premier destination for young college graduates and talented executives. More recently, the financial industry has been struggling to keep growing as it faces a raft of new regulations and a lack of public confidence as a result of the financial crisis.
不到10年前，年輕大學畢業生和有才幹的高管都把華爾街當成首選去處。而直到最近，金融業一直是勉強維持成長，除了須應付一系列監管新規，還得面對因為金融危機而流失的大眾信心。
Silicon Valley, on the other hand, is experiencing a period of blockbuster growth that has created dozens of billion-dollar start-ups practically overnight.
反觀矽谷正經歷一段強勁成長期，幾乎一夕間即創造出數十家價值10億美元的新興公司。
Silicon Valley office building 。圖片來源／ingimage
“Smart people go to where they feel there is the most growth,” said Robert Reffkin, who left Goldman in 2012 after seven years to found a real estate start-up, Compass .
羅伯．雷夫金在高盛任職7年後於2012年離職，創立房地產新興公司「羅盤」。他說：「聰明人都會前往他們覺得會有最大成長的地方。」
At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a top source of young recruits, only 10 percent of graduates went into finance in 2014, compared with the 31 percent who took jobs on Wall Street in 2006, before the financial crisis. Software companies, meanwhile, hired 28 percent of M.I.T. graduates in 2014, compared with 10 percent in 2006.
新血的首要來源之一麻省理工學院，2014年僅10%畢業生投入金融業，金融危機爆發前的2006年則有31%在華爾街入列。與此同時，2014年軟體業共聘用了麻省理工學院28%的畢業生，2006年只有10%。
Similar trends have been evident at the other top training grounds that have long fed the upper ranks of Wall Street. At Harvard Business School, for example, the percentage of graduates going into finance dropped to 33 percent last year from 42 percent in 2006, while the numbers going into technology jumped to 17 percent from 7 percent.
長期以來為華爾街提供高層人才的其他頂尖訓練場，也明顯出現類似趨勢。以哈佛商學院為例，去年進入金融業的畢業生從2006年的42%降至33％，進入科技領域的則從7%增至17％。
Yet Wall Street remains the top destination at many business schools . Last summer, Morgan Stanley had 90,000 applicants for roughly 1,000 summer jobs.
然而華爾街仍是許多商學院的首選目的地。去夏，摩根士丹利提供的約1000個暑期工作有9萬人應徵。
In the last few years, Silicon Valley has strengthened its case as the new center of economic gravity in the United States. Companies like Google and Apple have grown rapidly at the same time that start-ups like Uber and Twitter have flourished.
但過去幾年，矽谷強化了它作為美國經濟重力新中心的理由。谷歌和蘋果快速成長，同一時間，優步和推特等新興公司也日益茁壯。
Mr. Reffkin said that when he was at Goldman, as chief of staff to the bank’s president, “it became clear that we are in the middle of a software revolution.”
雷夫金說，他在高盛擔任總裁的幕僚長時，「明顯意識到，我們正處在軟體革命浪潮中。」
The economic strength of the technology industry adds to the lifestyle differences — including a relaxed dress code, better weather and a more freewheeling culture — that have long attracted young employees to start-ups.
科技業的經濟實力，加上生活方式的差異，包括輕鬆的穿著、更好的工作氛圍和更無拘無束的文化，長久以來不斷吸引年輕工作者前往加入新興公司。
The most noticeable departures from Wall Street have been the high-level banking executives like Ms. Porat and Mr. Noto . But the more troubling trend for banks is the lower-ranking programmers who are opting to head west at a time when banks are more dependent than ever on software and technology.
華爾街最引人注目的離職，是像波拉特和諾托這樣的銀行高管。但讓銀行更感不安的的趨勢是，在銀行比以往任何時候都更依賴軟體和技術之際，一些較低階的程式設計師也選擇了西進。
The start-ups, meanwhile, are not just stealing talent from Wall Street. Many are also trying to build companies like the payment processors Square and Stripe, which could siphon business from the financial industry.
這些新興公司不只從華爾街偷走人才。它們當中有許多還嘗試設立類似「廣場和條紋」這樣的支付處理公司，可能會搶走金融業的生意。
As the movement between industries has taken hold, it has often built on itself. When Marissa Mayer became Yahoo’s chief executive in 2012, she hired Jacqueline D. Reses, a former Goldman banker, as the company’s chief development officer. Ms. Reses’ job, in essence, was to help Yahoo recruit new talent and to find promising companies to buy and team up with.
兩個行業之間的移動生根後，往往也開始茁壯。瑪麗莎．梅爾2012年成為雅虎執行長時，聘請前高盛金融家賈桂琳．D．雷塞斯為公司的開發長。基本上，雷塞斯負責協助雅虎招募新血，以及尋找有前景的公司購併與合作。
She has led Yahoo’s dozens of acquisitions, including the $1.1 billion purchase of Tumblr and the $640 million purchase of Brightroll.
她領導雅虎從事數十筆的購併，包括以11億美元收購部落格Tumblr和以6.4億美元收購全球最大的影音廣告交易平台Brightroll。
Ms. Reses said, “I have hired people out of Wall Street, primarily because it was a peer group that I was very familiar with.”
雷塞斯說：「我從華爾街挖角，主要因為它是我非常熟悉的同儕團體。」
