奧斯威辛營解放80周年 適逢民族主義高漲

Dozens of world leaders, including Britain’s king and the president of Ukraine, joined a dwindling group of Nazi death camp survivors Monday in southern Poland to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the Red Army’s liberation of Auschwitz, where more than 1.1 million people, mostly Jews, were murdered.

包括英國國王和烏克蘭總統在內的數十名世界領袖，周一在波蘭南部與數量不斷減少的納粹死亡集中營倖存者一起紀念紅軍解放奧許維茨集中營80周年。當年有超過110萬人在此被謀殺，多數是猶太人。

A day of solemn ceremony held near former gas chambers and crematories in the Polish town of Oświęcim, whose name was Germanized to Auschwitz during Adolf Hitler’s 1939-1945 occupation of Poland, was shadowed throughout by a resurgence of nationalism in Germany and other European countries.

人們在波蘭小鎮奧斯威辛昔日毒氣室和火葬場附近舉行為期一天的莊嚴儀式，而儀式自始至終被籠罩在德國和其他歐洲國家民族主義復甦的陰影下。小鎮的名字奧斯威辛在希特勒1933年至1945年占領波蘭期間被譯成德文奧許維茨。

“In a place where the technique of mass and industrial murder was introduced, I feel great sorrow and regret very much that in many European countries, including our country, people in uniforms similar to Nazis and proclaiming Nazi slogans march with impunity,” Leon Weintraub, a 99-year-old Polish Auschwitz survivor, told a gathering of presidents, royalty and other dignitaries.

99歲的奧許維茨波蘭倖存者溫特勞布告訴齊聚一堂的各國總統、王室成員和其他達官顯貴：「在一個引進大規模和工業謀殺的地方，我對於許多歐洲國家，包括我們國家，人們穿著類似納粹的制服並高喊納粹口號遊行卻不會被懲罰，感到非常悲痛和遺憾。」

Speaking in a tent erected at the entrance to Birkenau, an annex to the Nazi’s original extermination camp, Auschwitz I, he added: “Let us take seriously what the enemies of democracy preach. They really want to put into practice what they preach, these slogans that they propagate, if they manage to come to power.

他在搭建於比克瑙入口的帳篷發表談話。這裡是納粹最初滅絕營奧許維茨一號營的擴建營。他補充：「讓我們嚴肅看待民主敵人所竭力鼓吹的言論。如果他們能夠掌權，真的會想將竭力鼓吹的言論，以及所散播的那些口號付諸實行。」

“Let us avoid the mistake of the 1930s, when the German Nazis were not believed, their intentions to create a state free of Jews, Roma, people with different views and the sick considered unworthy of life were disregarded.”

他說：「讓我們避免1930年代犯下的錯誤，當時人們不相信納粹德國，忽視他們意圖建立一個沒有猶太人、羅姆人、持不同觀點者及被認為不值得生存的病患的國度。」

Speakers at the main ceremony, mostly survivors, warned of a dangerous rise in antisemitism and extremism, expressing alarm that the message of “never again” was being forgotten, particularly by young people hooked on social media.

參加主要紀念儀式的講者大多是倖存者。他們警告反猶主義和極端主義正危險地崛起，並對「下不為例」的訊息被遺忘表達擔憂，特別是被沉迷於社群媒體的年輕人遺忘。

Tova Friedman, a Polish-born American who was sent to Auschwitz as a young girl and held in a section of the camp reserved for children, recalled arriving by train and seeing “a terrible smoke hanging in the air.” She added: “I knew what this meant. We all knew.”

生於波蘭的美國人托娃．佛里曼幼時曾被送到奧許維茨，並被關押在專為兒童設立的營區。她回憶搭乘火車抵達集中營時，看見「可怕的煙霧在空中繚繞」。她補充：「我知道那意味著什麼。我們都知道。」

At the end of World War II in 1945, said Janina Iwanska, another survivor, “people believed this could never happen again” but “it is impossible now to say ‘never again.’ War and chaos can erupt anywhere, leaving no place for people to flee.”

另一名倖存者賈妮娜．伊萬斯卡表示，1945年二戰結束時，「人們相信這種事不會再發生」，但「如今已不可能說『別再有下次』。戰爭和混亂可能在任何地方爆發，人們無處可逃」。

對於年輕人 川普讓共和黨「變迷人」

Amid a surge of youthful Republicanism in New York and nationwide, there has been an element of social cachet that has often proved elusive: In blunt terms, the word is “cool.”

年輕共和黨旋風席捲紐約乃至全美之際，有種常被證實是難以捉摸的社會聲望元素：直白說，就是「酷」。

Indeed, hamstrung by political beliefs that are often in opposition to those of major cultural figures, conservatives have frequently groused about the depiction of them as squares, including President Donald Trump, whose hostile takeover of the Kennedy Center last week was seemingly led by a desire to make the venerable institution “hot.”

確實，由於政治信仰常常和重要文化人物對立而受到限制，保守派人士經常抱怨自己被形容成老古板，包括總統川普。他上周強勢接管甘迺迪中心，似乎是想讓這個久負盛名的機構「變得熱門」。

“We made the presidency hot,” Trump said, speaking to the newly formed board, according to an audio recording obtained by Jake Tapper of CNN. “So this should be easy.”

美國有線電視新聞網華府主播塔珀獲得的一段錄音顯示，川普對新成立的董事會說：「我們讓總統職務變得熱門。如法炮製應該很容易。」

It was in that spirit that a clutch of Trump’s younger supporters assembled Wednesday night at Centurion New York, a members-only club on the 55th floor of a building in midtown Manhattan, to celebrate the nascent Republican administration, and assert their fashionableness — and their fealty to the new president.

正因為這種精神，一小群年輕的川普支持者周三晚上聚集在曼哈頓中城一棟大樓55樓的會員制俱樂部「百夫長紐約」，為新成立的共和黨政府慶祝，並展現他們的時尚品味—即對新總統的忠誠。

“POTUS is making it sexy to be Republican again,” said Max Castroparedes, 27, a self-described “international, globe-trotting consultant,” who was using the acronym for “president of the United States.” “He’s making it glamorous to be a Republican again. He’s making it great to be Republican again.”

27歲的卡斯特羅帕雷德斯自稱是周遊世界的國際顧問。他以美國總統英文單字字首縮寫"POTUS"簡稱美國總統，並說：「美國總統讓當共和黨人這件事再次變得迷人。他正再度讓當一個共和黨人這件事令人嚮往。他正讓再度讓當一個共和黨人這件事變得美妙。」

Castroparedes, a former special assistant at the Department of Homeland Security during Trump’s first term, now works for Montfort, a company based in Palm Beach, Florida, that calls itself “a specialized strategic advisory firm.” He had invited a dozen or so friends to assemble in a glass-walled room of Centurion, framed by sweeping views of the skyline, a soaring wall of wines and an imposing black chandelier.

卡斯特羅帕雷德斯在川普首個總統任期曾於國土安全部擔任特別助理，目前在總部位於佛州棕櫚灘的公司「蒙福特」任職。該公司自稱是「專業戰略顧問公司」。他邀請了十多名朋友聚在「百夫長」的一個玻璃牆房間。房間被廣闊的天際線景觀環繞，房內還有高聳的酒牆和宏偉的黑色枝形吊燈。

Men wore ties, women toted vintage Dior purses, and the playlist — said to be imported from Mar-a-Lago, Trump’s estate in Palm Beach — ran from classic rock (“Don’t Stop Believin’”) to classic Broadway (“Do You Hear the People Sing?” from “Les Miserables”) to something called “The Trump Song,” a salsa-style number with a chorus of “Oh my God, I will vote / I will vote, for Donald Trump.”

男士們繫著領帶，女士們攜帶經典迪奧手提包，房內播放據說源自川普位於棕櫚灘房產海湖莊園的音樂播放清單。歌曲包括經典搖滾歌曲「別停止相信」、來自百老匯音樂劇「悲慘世界」的經典歌曲「你可聽見人民在歌唱」，以及名為「川普之歌」的歌曲。「川普之歌」是首騷莎風格的歌曲，部分歌詞是「喔，我的老天／我會投票，投給川普」。

Exclusively under the age of 30 the group also, of course, came to drink and meet people, including one attendee who quietly admitted to being a Kamala Harris voter.

當然，這群人全是30歲以下，來此暢飲交友，一人低聲承認總統票投給賀錦麗。