五角大廈整軍 從削減開支做起

Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth is rushing to reshape the military, in part by shifting money and making cuts.

美國國防部長赫塞斯正加緊重整軍方，措施包括轉移資金和削減開支。

He has banned efforts in the Defense Department to promote diversity, and strongly backed President Donald Trump’s decision to fire Gen. CQ Brown Jr., the second Black chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

他已禁止國防部為促進多元化付出的努力，並強力支持川普開除史上第二位非裔參謀長聯席會議主席布朗。

He has welcomed Elon Musk’s Department of Government Efficiency to review Pentagon programs for what he calls “fraud, waste and abuse.”

他歡迎馬斯克的政府效率部檢視，被他稱為「存在詐欺、浪費和濫用」的國防部專案。

Hegseth has also ordered senior military and Defense Department officials to draw up proposals to reallocate $50 billion in this year’s budget, or about 8%. The Pentagon would go through this process annually for the next five years.

赫塞斯也下令，資深軍方官員和國防部官員起草提案，重新分配今年預算的其中500億美元，金額約占總額的8%。五角大廈將在未來五年中，每年都進行這樣的程序。

In addition, the Pentagon has said it would fire 5,400 civilian probationary workers, in the first of what officials say is likely to be a wave of much larger layoffs at the government’s biggest agency.

此外，五角大廈已表示，將解雇5400名試用期的文職人員。官員表示，這可能是政府規模最大機構，出現更大一波裁員潮的起手式。

Whether the department can cut or shift money internally without congressional approval is among the questions Pentagon leaders may face.

國防部是否能在未經國會同意的狀況下，於內部裁減和轉移資金，是五角大廈領袖可能面臨的問題之一。

At the same time, Republican lawmakers are aiming to add more than $100 billion to the Pentagon’s proposed budget this year, which would push total military spending close to $1 trillion annually.

同時，共和黨籍國會議員計畫今年為五角大廈的預算提案加碼1000億美元，美國軍費開支每年將接近1兆美元。

In addition to cutting programs dealing with diversity, climate change and whatever else Musk’s team recommends, Hegseth is expected to review proposals from the armed services in the next few weeks.

除了裁減涉及多元化、氣候變遷和馬斯克團隊建議裁撤的專案外，赫塞斯預計未來幾周內審查武裝部隊的提案。

Hegseth has exempted 17 categories from the cuts. These categories are likely to be on the receiving end of new funds, according to defense officials, who say they are still trying to figure out how to carry out Hegseth’s order.

赫塞斯已將17個科目列入豁免名單。國防部官員指出，這些科目可能獲得新資金，他們仍試圖想出如何實施赫塞斯的命令。

Robert G. Salesses, acting deputy defense secretary, said in a statement that some of the money could go to an “Iron Dome for America” — a missile defense system. Israel has a mobile Iron Dome defense system, but a U.S. version is unlikely to resemble it, since the United States is obviously much, much larger, in terms of land mass.

國防部代理副部長賽爾塞斯在聲明中表示，其中一些資金可能用於建造「美國鐵穹」飛彈防禦系統。以色列擁有移動鐵穹防禦系統，但美國版本不太可能與它相似，因為以土地面積而言，美國顯然大很多。

Funding could be increased for other Trump administration defense priorities, including military operations at the southern border, the modernization of nuclear weapons and missile defense, and the acquisition of submarines and one-way attack drones.

川普政府其他國防優先事項的資金可能增加，包括南部邊境軍事行動、核武和飛彈防禦現代化，及採購潛艦和單程攻擊無人機。

美愈來愈多大學 選擇對爭議話題緘默

Just a few years ago, university statements on the day’s social and political issues abounded.

幾年前，美國大學針對當時社會和政治議題大量發表聲明。

When Russia attacked Ukraine in 2022, Harvard’s president at the time called it “senseless” and “deplorable,” and flew the invaded country’s flag in Harvard Yard. After George Floyd died under the knee of a white police officer, Cornell’s president said she was “sickened.” The University of Michigan’s president described the Oct. 7, 2023, violence against Israel as a “horrific attack by Hamas terrorists.”

俄羅斯2022年攻擊烏克蘭時，哈佛大學校長當時稱此事「毫無道理」且「極其惡劣」，並在哈佛校園懸掛烏克蘭國旗。黑人男子佛洛依德遭白人員警以膝蓋壓死時，康乃爾大學校長表示「感到惡心」。密西根大學校長形容2023年10月7日發生在以色列的暴行，是「哈瑪斯恐怖分子的可怕襲擊」。

But over the past year, each of those universities has adopted policies that limit official statements on current issues.

但在過去一整年，這些大學對相關議題發布校方聲明時都很節制。

According to a new report released Tuesday from the Heterodox Academy, a group that has been critical of progressive orthodoxy on college campuses, 148 colleges had adopted “institutional neutrality” policies by the end of 2024, a trend that underscores the scorching political scrutiny they are under. All but eight of those policies were adopted after the Hamas attack.

批評大學以進步派為正統的非營利組織「多元觀點學院」周二發布的報告指出，148所大學在2024年年底之前已採取「機構中立」政策，這種趨勢凸顯大學面臨的嚴厲政治審查。除了其中八項政策，其他都是在哈瑪斯襲擊後採納的。

The universities are adopting such policies at a time when the Trump administration has moved aggressively to punish them for not doing enough to crack down on antisemitism and for embracing diversity, equity and inclusion policies.

這些大學採取這類政策的同時，川普政府積極懲罰他們在打擊反猶太力道不夠，以及採納多元、平等和包容性政策。

On Friday, the administration announced that it was pulling $400 million from Columbia, a move that sent shock waves across higher education. The administration has already said it is looking to target other universities.

川普政府周五宣布，撤回對哥倫比亞大學4億美元的聯邦補助資金。這項舉措震驚高等教育界。川普政府已表示，他們正計畫鎖定其他大學。

Most of the new policies apply to senior administrators, like college presidents and provosts. Others also encompass units like academic departments. And many apply to faculty members when they are speaking in an official capacity, but often make clear that faculty are free to express personal views, according to the Heterodox Academy.

大多數新政策適用於高階行政主管，包括校長和教務長，一些政策也涵蓋科系層級。「多元觀點學院」指出，而且許多政策適用於教職員以官方身分發言時，但通常明確指出教職員可以用個人身分自由表達意見。

Critics of the neutrality trend have argued that administrators are merely sidestepping difficult debates, and scared of angering donors and lawmakers.

批評大學中立者主張，校方只是在迴避棘手辯論，且害怕激怒金主和國會議員。

Many college presidents have been spooked into silence, said Patricia McGuire, president of Trinity Washington University, a small Catholic institution 3 miles from the White House.

距白宮3哩的小型天主教學校華盛頓聖三一大學，校長派翠西亞．馬奎爾表示，許多大學校長已噤若寒蟬。

“They look at what happened to Claudine Gay, and some of the other presidents,” she said, referring to the former Harvard president who resigned last year after a congressional hearing on antisemitism. “And they’re like: ‘I don’t want that to happen to me. So I’ll just shut up and hunker down, and hope this cloud passes.’”

她表示，「他們關注克勞丁．蓋伊和其他校長的遭遇」，提及哈佛大學前校長在關於反猶太的國會聽證會後辭職，「他們的想法是：『我不希望這種事發生在我身上。因此，我就閉上嘴並靜待時機，盼望這場陰霾過去。」