對加州人而言 荷包與綠能間的抉擇

California has long prided itself as an environmental trailblazer. It was the first state to set its own vehicle emission rules and the first to outlaw plastic shopping bags.

加州長期以來以環保先鋒的身分而自豪。它是美國首個制定車輛排放法規的州，也是第一個禁止塑膠購物袋的州。

In 2020, Gov. Gavin Newsom, a Democrat, went so far as to seek a ban on the sale of new gas-powered vehicles by 2035. Standing in front of several electric cars, he warned automakers against being on “the wrong side of history.”

2020年，民主黨州長紐森甚至提出2035年起將禁止銷售新的燃油車。站在數輛電動車前，他警告汽車製造商不要「站在歷史錯誤的那一方」。

So it surprised environmentalists this year when Newsom and Democratic lawmakers began backtracking on signature green initiatives. They rebuked the state’s coastal preservation commission for regulatory overreach and rolled back the landmark California Environmental Quality Act, better known as CEQA, to address the state’s severe housing shortage.

故當紐森與民主黨議員開始在標誌性的綠色倡議上開倒車，讓環保人士感到驚訝。他們譴責該州海岸保護委員會過度監管，並撤銷旨在解決該州住房嚴重短缺、具里程碑意義的「加州環境品質法」。

Then, to environmentalists, came the unthinkable: pushing legislation to keep oil refineries open and make oil drilling easier.

然後，環保人士遭遇無法想像的事情：立法機關推動維持煉油廠的運作與簡化石油鑽探。

“It’s a complete 180,” said Hollin Kretzmann, a lawyer at the Climate Law Institute, part of the nonprofit Center for Biological Diversity, which focuses on protecting endangered species.

氣候法研究所的律師科瑞茨曼說：「這完全是180度大轉彎」。該所隸屬於非營利組織生物多樣性中心，致力於保護瀕危物種。

Even in liberal California, Democrats say they have been stung by their party’s tailspin after last year’s losses in national elections. They understand that voters are frustrated with the high cost of living in California, and they are trying to show that they are doing something about it.

即使在自由派的加州，民主黨人也說在去年全國大選鎩羽後他們的黨陷入混亂而受到打擊。他們理解選民因加州高昂的生活成本感到沮喪，而他們試圖展現正為此採取行動。

If they gain traction by tilting toward pocketbook issues, even at the expense of long-held environmental orthodoxy, it could provide lessons to Democrats nationally even if it angers activists locally.

如果向民生議題靠攏能獲得支持，即使犧牲長期主張的環保純正理念，惹惱當地維權人士，但能提供全國民主黨人經驗。

Gas prices have long been higher in California than elsewhere — they are about 45% higher than the national average at the moment — but lawmakers are worried that costs could skyrocket if they don’t help the oil industry immediately. And the transition to electric vehicles has not advanced to a point where drivers — or politicians — can ignore prices at the pump.

加州汽油價格長期以來一直高於其他地區，目前高於全國平均水平約45%，但立法者憂心，若不立即協助石油產業，成本可能會飆升，且電動車的轉型還沒發展到能讓駕駛人或政治人物無視油價的程度。

“Climate leadership is not $10-a-gallon gas — we need California to be an inspiration and not a cautionary tale,” said Assembly member Cottie Petrie-Norris, a Democrat from Orange County who chairs the energy committee in the state Assembly. “For decades, there were policymakers and advocates who somehow thought we could set really high goals and wave a magic wand and deliver on them.”

來自橘郡的民主黨州議員，也是州議會能源委員會主席的培翠諾瑞斯說，「氣候領導力不是每加侖10美元的汽油，我們需要加州成為激勵而非警世的榜樣」。「數十年來，有些政策制定者和倡議者不知何故認為我們可以好高騖遠，然後揮揮手就能實現目標」。

“We are all out of magic wands,” she said.

她說，「我們已經沒有靈丹妙藥」。

強制避孕獲道歉 格陵蘭女性含淚質疑

For some Greenlanders, sorry isn’t enough.

對一些格陵蘭人而言，光道歉是不夠的。

The prime minister of Denmark, Mette Frederiksen, made a special visit Wednesday to Greenland’s capital, Nuuk, to apologize in person for a traumatic chapter in Greenlandic history, when Danish doctors forced birth control on a whole generation of Indigenous Greenlandic women and girls.

丹麥總理佛瑞德里克森周三專程訪問格陵蘭首府努克，親自為格陵蘭歷史一段痛苦難忘的篇章道歉。當時丹麥醫師迫使整個世代的格陵蘭原住民婦女和女孩節育。

Frederiksen has stepped up her efforts to repair relations with Greenland and address old wounds, ever since President Donald Trump insisted that the United States take over Greenland, a semiautonomous Danish overseas territory.

自美國總統川普堅稱美國應接管格陵蘭以來，佛瑞德里克森加倍努力修復與格陵蘭的關係和處理舊有創傷。

But the reception was mixed.

但反響褒貶不一。

There were gray-haired Greenlandic women in the audience who had been victimized and silently weathered the ordeal for decades. Some wiped away tears. Others sat stone-faced. One woman painted black stripes on her face and stood during the speech with her back turned to Frederiksen, in protest.

現場觀眾有些是白髮蒼蒼的格陵蘭婦女。她們曾是受害者並默默承受苦難數十年。有些人拭淚，另一些人則面無表情地坐著。一名女子在臉上塗黑色條紋，並在佛瑞德里克森演說時背對她站著以示抗議。

“I know I cannot take away your pain or give back what you lost,” Frederiksen said. “But I hope it can stand as recognition that what you went through was wrong, that it was a betrayal, and that the responsibility no longer lies on you but on us.”

佛瑞德里克森表示：「我知道無法抹去你們的痛苦，也無法彌補你們所失去的，但我希望這能被視為承認——你們經歷的事是不對的，是背叛，而責任不在你們，而在我們身上。」

Some people at the event were suspicious about the timing, saying that the Danish government is apologizing only now that Trump has ratcheted up pressure over Greenland.

活動中有人對道歉的時機表示質疑，認為丹麥政府之所以現在道歉，是因為川普對格陵蘭的壓力升高。

“Why didn’t they say sorry 30 years ago or 20 years ago or even 10 years ago?” asked Qupanuk Olsen, a Greenlandic social media influencer who recently resigned from Greenland’s parliament. “This story is being forced on us because they’re so afraid that we will become independent or a state under the United States.”

格陵蘭社群媒體網紅庫帕努克．奧爾森最近辭去議員職務。她問道：「為什麼他們不在30年前、20年前，甚至10年前就道歉？這個道歉是強加在我們身上的，因為他們很害怕我們獨立或變成美國的一個州。」

The contraception scandal goes back to the 1960s, when the Danish government began a decades-long campaign to control the growth of Greenland’s population. Danish doctors invited Greenlandic women and girls for checkups and implanted intrauterine birth control devices in them.

避孕醜聞可追溯到1960年代，當時丹麥政府開展數十年的運動，控制格陵蘭人口成長。丹麥醫師邀請格陵蘭婦女接受體檢，並在她們體內植入子宮避孕裝置。

In many cases, the women and girls were not told what was being done and found out only years later, when they started having health complications. Some of the patients were as young as 12, and some were left infertile for life.

許多案例中，女性沒有被告知她們接受什麼治療及在她們體內發現了什麼，直到多年後出現併發症。有些患者年僅12歲，有些人終生不孕。