系列十二之七
Workers' Health Suffers From Stress
on the Job
工作壓力損害上班族的健康(7)
25
Stress Equals Illness
Researchers are beginning to document
the toll that the changing nature
of work takes on health. The National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health, which has studied the links for decades,
began a major initiative two
years ago to study "the changing organization of work"
and has worked with the American Psychological Association
to build up the field of occupational health psychology at
a dozen academic institutions in the United States.
壓力等同疾病
研究員正開始記錄工作性質的改變對健康的損害。國家職業安全健康署長久以來致力研究兩者間的連結。該署兩年前和美國心理學協會合作,啟動了一個重要計畫來研究「工作組織的改變」;他們在美國各地12個學術機構裡,建立起職業健康心理的專業領域。
◎ document(v.)記錄
作為名詞時 document 指文件,但作為動詞時意思是記錄、錄下。
◎ toll(n.)原意為「過路費」,在此引伸為「所付出的代價」
通常用在片語 "take a toll on..."(使……付出代價)。
◎ initiative(n.)自行提出的計畫
26
Downsizing, studies find, is associated
with poorer health, whether workers are fired or survive the
downsizing and continue in their jobs.
許多研究發現,無論員工被解雇或倖存下來繼續上班,縮編與健康惡化有關。
27
Pioneering
studies in Scandinavia, where centralized health care allows
researchers access to vast databases of medical
conditions and treatment, also have shown a strong
link between downsizing and illness. A study by Finnish researchers
published in February in the British Medical Journal, for
example, found the risk of dying from a heart attack doubled
among permanent employees after a major
round of downsizing, with the risk growing to five
times normal after four years.
在北歐有個首創的研究,研究中研究員利用該地區中央保健管理龐大的症狀和療法資料庫,結果發現員工縮編和疾病之間有極大的關聯。舉例來說,芬蘭研究員在二月發表於《英國醫學雜誌》的一項研究發現,在大幅裁員後固定性員工死於心臟病的風險將增加一倍,4年後再增加到正常的5倍。
◎ pioneering(adj.)首創的,有開拓性的,開拓新領域的
◎ medical conditions(片語)疾病,病情,病狀
◎ a major round of(片語)a round of 一輪,一回合;major 主要的,大型的
28
Two other studies, led by Dr. Westerlund,
the Swedish researcher, suggest that other forms of strain
in the workplace can also affect health. An analysis of medical
records for 24,036 Swedish workers from 1991 to 1996
found that in workplaces that underwent large-scale expansions,
the workers were 7 percent more likely to take sick leave
of 90 days or more and 9 percent more likely to enter a hospital
for some reason.
另外兩項由瑞典研究員溫斯特蘭博士領導的研究指出,職場上其他形式的壓力也會影響健康。一項從1991到1996年,對24,036位瑞典上班族的病歷分析發現,曾經歷大幅度擴張的工作場所,7%的員工較可能請超過90天的病假;超過9%的員工較可能因某些原因而住院。
◎ medical record(n.)病歷
解析導讀:
這一節主要綜合學術研究結果,摘述特定工作型態改變與特定疾病及生理變化之間的關連,每段都詳述資料來源及研究經過,以增加專業性與可信度,說明工作壓力所引起的病變,已經開始受到醫界重視。
26到28段主要說明員工縮編對身體有負面影響。第26段指出,縮編後,不只是被裁員的人健康受損,被留任的員工也蒙受其害。第27段進一步引用北歐研究說明問題的嚴重性,指出縮編後職員得心臟病比率增加一倍,4年後增為正常人的5倍。
(本電子報內容摘自李振清等著《紐約時報英文解析》一書,聯經出版,每週三出刊,共分12期刊載)
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