烏克蘭夏季就停電 冬季更不樂觀

Skyscrapers are without electricity up to 12 hours a day. Neighborhoods are filled with the roar of gas generators installed by cafes and restaurants. And at night, streets are plunged into darkness for lack of lighting.

摩天大樓一天停電達12小時。街坊充滿了咖啡館和餐廳安裝的燃油發電機咆哮聲。而在夜裡，街道因缺乏照明陷入黑暗。

That is the new reality in Ukraine, where the approach of summer has offered no respite for the country’s power grid, but has instead brought a return to the kind of energy crisis experienced during its first winter at war, a year and a half ago.

這是烏克蘭的新現實，夏季來臨沒有為該國電網提供喘息，反而帶來戰時第一個冬季期間經歷過的那種能源危機，那是一年半前。

Russian missile and drone attacks on Ukraine’s power plants and substations have left the country’s energy infrastructure severely hobbled. To make matters worse, two nuclear power plant units are scheduled for repairs this week, and summer temperatures are expected to prompt people to turn on their air conditioners.

俄羅斯的飛彈和無人機攻擊烏克蘭的發電廠和變電所，讓該國能源基礎設施陷入嚴重困境。更糟糕的是，兩個核電廠機組定於這周維修，而夏季氣溫預計將促使人們打開空調。

As a result, Ukrainian authorities have ordered nationwide rolling blackouts for this week, a more aggressive measure than the regional and irregular power cuts that parts of the country had been experiencing earlier this spring.

因此，烏克蘭當局已下令這周實施全國性分區輪流供電，比起該國部分地區今春稍早就一直經歷的區域性和不規則停電，這是更激烈的措施。

While power shortages in the summer can leave people uncomfortably hot in dark apartments, they pose a more deadly risk in the winter.

雖然夏季缺電會讓人們在黑暗的公寓熱得不舒服，冬季缺電造成更致命的危險。

And already, Ukraine’s widespread blackouts have raised concerns about what will happen when the frigid weather arrives, when the use of heating devices increases the load on the energy system. Experts have warned that power plants have suffered too much damage to be repaired before subzero temperatures set in, around December, which could plunge many people into dangerously cold living conditions.

烏克蘭普遍停電，讓人憂心一旦嚴寒天氣到來，使用供暖設備增加能源系統負載時，會發生何事。專家已經警告，發電廠蒙受太多損害，無法在12月左右氣溫降至零下前修復，可能讓許多人陷入危險的寒冷生活條件。

“The situation is even worst than it was last year,” Olena Lapenko, an energy security expert at DiXi Group, a Ukrainian think tank, said Monday, referring to the winter of 2022-23 during which Russia pummeled Ukraine’s energy infrastructure.

烏克蘭智庫DiXi Group的能源安全專家歐蓮娜．拉彭科周一表示，「情況甚至比去年更糟」，指的是2022至23年冬季期間，俄羅斯接連打擊烏克蘭能源基礎設施。

Lapenko estimated that even with moderate temperatures and no new Russian attacks on the power grid, Ukraine would be short 1.3 gigawatts during peak consumption hours this summer. That represents about 10% of the energy consumption during peak hours.

拉彭科估計，即使氣溫適中，而且俄羅斯沒有再攻擊電網，在今年夏季尖峰耗電時段，烏克蘭仍將短缺1.3百萬瓩。這代表尖峰時段能源消耗量的約10%。

Oleksandr Kharchenko, head of the Kyiv-based Energy Research Center, said Monday that the power grid would not be fully repaired for at least two years.

位於基輔的能源研究中心主任哈成科周一表示，電網至少2年無法完全修復。

“We understand that for the next two years, we need to be prepared for daily outages as a norm, not as a critical situation for us,” Kharchenko said. “Honestly, all we can do is get used to this as the normal state of affairs.”

哈成科說，「我們了解，接下來2年，我們要準備好讓日常停電成為常態，而非危急情況。老實說，我們能做的就是習慣這樣，當作正常情況」。

「人間地獄」：加薩留下許多被截肢者

Bleeding and crying, Dr. Hani Bseso’s teenage niece Ahed called out for him as she slipped in and out of consciousness.

哈尼．布塞索醫師的十幾歲侄女艾哈德在流血與嚎哭，喊著找他時，時而清醒、時而昏迷。

A shell had ripped into their home, which had been surrounded by Israeli troops as fighting raged outside that December day. It was too dangerous to make the five-minute drive to Shifa Hospital, where Bseso, 52, worked in orthopedics.

12月那天，外面激烈進行戰鬥，一顆砲彈猛力打進他們被以色列軍隊包圍的家。到52歲骨科醫師布塞索任職的希法醫院，車程五分鐘，但是太危險。

So he grabbed a kitchen knife, scissors and sewing string — then amputated Ahed’s leg on the kitchen table, where her mother had just made bread.

所以，他抓起一把廚刀、剪刀和縫紉線，接著在她媽媽剛才做過麵包的廚房用桌上，將艾哈德的腿截肢。

“She was badly hit,” he recalled. With “no tools, no anesthetic, nothing,” he said, “I had to find a way to save her life.”

他回憶，「她傷勢嚴重」。他說，「沒有工具，沒有麻醉劑，什麼都沒有，我得找到挽救她性命的方法」。

The crude surgery was captured in a video shared widely online, a grim emblem of the agonizing choices that have been repeated countless times in a war that has ravaged Gaza Strip residents’ lives and limbs. Doctors say they have been stunned by the sheer number of amputations in Gaza, which put patients at risk of infection in a place where access to medical care and even clean water is limited.

這場粗糙的手術被錄成一段在網上廣泛分享的影像，成為蹂躪了加薩走廊居民生命與肢體的戰爭中，已經重複無數次之痛苦抉擇的殘忍象徵。醫師表示，他們對加薩截肢的數量之大感到震驚，在一個取得醫療照護，甚至乾淨水都有限的地方，這將患者置於感染的風險。

Israel’s war against Hamas in Gaza has killed more than 37,000 people in the enclave, according to Gaza health authorities. The numbers do not distinguish between civilians and combatants. The war has also left an even larger number of people of wounded. Local health authorities say that number is more than 85,000 — and aid workers say that includes an outsize number of amputees.

根據加薩衛生部門，以色列對哈瑪斯的戰爭，在加薩已有超過37000人喪命。數字沒有區分平民和官兵。戰爭留下的受傷人數更多，超過85000。救助人員說，這包括特多的被截肢者。

Surgeons say the lack of supplies and the scale of the wounded have forced them to amputate limbs that elsewhere would have been salvageable. But it’s a lose-lose situation, they say, because amputations require close care and, frequently, further surgeries.

外科醫師表示，缺乏用品跟傷者規模，迫使他們截除本來能搶救的肢體。但他們說，這是一種雙輸的局面，因為截肢需要嚴密照護，而且，經常需要進一步手術。

“There’s no good options there,” said Dr. Ana Jeelani, an orthopedic surgeon in Liverpool, England, who spent two weeks at Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital in central Gaza in March. “Everything requires follow-up that we do, and there is none.”

英格蘭利物浦的骨外科醫師阿娜．吉拉尼說，「那裡沒有好的選項」。她3月在加薩中部的阿克薩烈士醫院待了2周，「我們做的每件事都需要跟進，但沒有」。

That has led to “a hellscape full of nightmarish scenes,” said Dr. Seema Jilani, who served as a senior emergency health adviser for the International Rescue Committee, an aid group.

救助組織「國際救援委員會」資深緊急衛生顧問希瑪．吉拉尼醫師說這導致「滿是噩夢場景的人間地獄」。

There was the 6-year-old boy, covered in burns, whose foot had been severed. A girl missing both feet. A toddler whose right arm and right leg had been torn off and who appeared to be hemorrhaging. He needed a chest tube, but none were available. Nor were any stretchers — and he hadn’t been given anything for his pain.

有名6歲男孩，全身燒傷，腳已被切斷。一個女孩失去雙腳。一名幼童的右臂和右腿已被扯斷，看起來正在大出血。他需要胸腔引流管，但是沒貨。也沒有任何擔架，或止痛藥。