扮演超級英雄的好處與壞處

If there’s a magic formula for Hollywood success, “Deadpool & Wolverine” would appear to have refined it to a simple calculation: Just add Hugh Jackman’s “X-Men” superhero to the hit comic franchise anchored by Ryan Reynolds and reap the sure-to-be-lucrative dividends.

如果好萊塢的成功有一個神奇公式，「死侍與金鋼狼」是很簡單的算式：把休．傑克曼主演的超級英雄「X戰警」加入萊恩．雷諾斯主演的熱門漫畫系列電影，肯定可以大賺一筆。

So why did a film that’s projected to be the summer’s biggest live-action blockbuster prove so difficult to get off the ground?

那麼，為何一部預計成為今夏最賣座的真人主演的大片，竟如此難以開拍呢？

Although Reynolds had pitched a team-up to his close friend for years, Jackman initially resisted, preferring to let the well-reviewed “Logan” (2017) stand as his swan song with the gruff mutant Wolverine. And while the merger of Disney and Fox allowed Reynolds to set the third “Deadpool” movie starring his R-rated mercenary in the previously off-limits Marvel Cinematic Universe, he struggled to come up with a story that could capitalize on that opportunity. “It was just hard to find the thing that felt right,” Reynolds said.

儘管雷諾斯已經向他的摯友力推組隊好幾年了，傑克曼一開始抗拒，偏向讓廣獲好評的「羅根」（2017）充當他跟粗獷變種人金鋼狼的告別作。雖然迪士尼併購福斯後，讓雷諾斯有可能進入曾被列為角色個人禁區漫威電影宇宙，著手製作限制的「死侍」第3集，但他找不到可以乘勝追擊的故事。雷諾斯說：「合適的劇本實在很難找」。

In August 2022, just as Reynolds and director Shawn Levy debated putting their sequel on ice, Jackman placed a surprise call and told them he was willing to give his signature role one more go. “There’s parts of Wolverine that I scratched around and wanted to explore, but I wasn’t able to,” Jackman said. “In this film, there’s sides of him that I’ve always wanted to get out.”

2022年8月，正當雷諾斯和導演薛恩．李維討論是否暫時擱置拍攝計畫時，傑克曼意外來電，表示他願意重出江湖詮釋招牌角色。傑克曼表示，「我一直嘗試搜尋探索金鋼狼的其他面向，卻無功而返」。他說，「在這部電影裡，我呈現出一直希望展現的金鋼狼面向」。

On a video call in late June, both men had plenty to say about the long arc of portraying and eventually becoming the steward of major pop-cultural characters. Reynolds waged an uphill battle to make the first “Deadpool” film (2016), which was greenlit only after leaked test footage became an internet sensation. Off its modest $58 million budget, the movie grossed $782.8 million worldwide and gave Reynolds his first real franchise.

6月下旬一次視訊通話，對於扮演與最終成為主要流行文化人物代表的漫長心路歷程，兩個男人有很多要說。拍攝第一部「惡棍英雄：死侍」電影（2016），雷諾斯備感艱辛，外洩的預告片網路爆紅後，片商才點頭開拍。以不算多的5800萬美元預算，在全球票房為7.828億美元，也為雷諾斯帶來第一部真正系列電影。

“I was an actor who was semi-well-known,” said Reynolds, who added jokingly, “I don’t know how you would phrase that without sounding like a dink. But I was 37 when ‘Deadpool’ had its pop-culture phenomenon moment, and I’m really grateful I was because I knew exactly how to enjoy it.”

雷諾斯戲稱，「當時我是一個說紅不紅的演員，我不曉得還有沒有其他方式可以描述這一處境，而不會讓人感覺像個混蛋。但當『惡棍英雄：死侍』成為流行文化現象時，我已經37歲了，我完全可以體會箇中滋味，所以我真的很感激」。

While the first film was in theaters, he stood in a hotel room overlooking Los Angeles — “this place that I’d been busting my ass in for 18 years at that point” — and remembered feeling an appreciation for the series of small successes and false starts that led him to what now felt like superstardom.

當第一部電影在電影院上映時，他站在一間俯瞰洛杉磯的飯店房間裡，「那時我已經在這個地方一直拚命工作了18年」──這一路走來的小得小失，到他現在覺得是超級巨星的地位，回憶滿是感激。

研究觀測發現 電商中心附近汙染暴增

They are mammoth warehouses large enough to fit football fields inside them, handling many of the more than 20 billion packages Americans send and receive each year.

它們是巨大的倉庫，大到內部可以容納數個美式足球場，美國人每年收發的超過200億個包裹許多都由它們處理。

But for people who live around them, the round-the-clock semitrailer traffic at these giant hubs significantly worsens air pollution, according to a new NASA-funded study that tracked pollutants from space.

但美國太空總署資助從太空追蹤汙染物的研究顯示，對於住在這些倉庫附近的人們而言，這些巨大樞紐日以繼夜的半拖車交通，明顯使空氣汙染惡化。

The research, led by scientists at George Washington University, is the first of its kind; it used satellite technology to measure a harmful traffic-related pollutant called nitrogen dioxide, zooming in on nearly 150,000 large warehouses across the United States. They found that nitrogen dioxide, which can lead to asthma and other health problems, jumped 20% on average near the warehouses. At the busiest facilities the increase was higher.

這項由喬治華盛頓大學科學家們領導的研究，是這類研究的首例。研究使用衛星科技測量一種與交通有關的有害汙染物，叫做二氧化氮，並特別關注全美近15萬間大型倉庫。他們發現，可能導致氣喘和其他健康問題的二氧化氮，在這些倉庫附近平均暴增20%。在最繁忙的一些設施，增加比率更高。

“The average warehouse built since about 2010 looks a lot different than the warehouses that were built prior to that, with lot more loading docks, a lot more parking spaces,” said Gaige Kerr, the lead author of the study and an assistant research professor of environmental and occupational health at the Milken Institute School of Public Health of George Washington University.

這項研究的第一作者、喬治華盛頓大學米爾肯公共衛生學院環境和職業醫學助理研究教授柯爾表示：「自大約2010年起建造的一般倉庫，和在此之前建造的有許多不同，它們有更多卸貨平台，更多停車位。」

“They’re also increasingly being built in dense clusters next to other warehouses, and attract a lot more traffic, specially heavy-duty vehicles. And that’s very bad when it comes to pollution.”

他說：「它們也日益以稠密群集的形式，被建造在其他倉庫附近，並吸引更多車輛，特別是重型車輛。以汙染而言，這種狀況非常糟糕。」

The research underscores how logistics hubs have fast become a significant contributor to pollution as American heavy industry, a traditional source of pollution, has receded over the past decades and as the power sector has cleaned up its power plants.

這份研究強調，隨著傳統汙染源美國重工業過去數十年衰退，電力產業也讓其發電廠更潔淨，如今物流中心已快速成為重大汙染源。

The researchers, who looked at traffic information from the Federal Highway Administration and demographic data from the Census Bureau, also found that communities with large racial and ethnic minority populations were often located near warehouses and inhaled more nitrogen dioxide and other pollutants.

這些研究人員檢視聯邦公路管理局交通資訊和人口普查局人口數據，也發現有較多少數族裔人口的社區經常位於倉庫附近，且吸入更多二氧化氮和其他汙染物。

They found, for example, that the proportion of Hispanic and Asian people living close to the largest clusters of warehouses in the study was about 2.5 times the nationwide average.

例如，他們發現，在這項研究中，居住在最大倉庫群附近的西班牙裔和亞裔人口比率是全國平均約2.5倍。

The study also found that a fifth of all of the warehouses were concentrated in just 10 counties, including Los Angeles County, California; Harris County, Texas; and Miami-Dade County, Florida.

研究也發現，這些倉庫中有五分之一集中在僅10個郡，包括加州洛杉磯郡、德州哈里斯郡和佛州邁阿密—戴德郡。