德國人從自家陽台對抗氣候變遷

At a Berlin trade fair for sustainability, a new gadget caught Waltraud Berg’s eye — a solar panel small enough to be easily installed on the side of a balcony and then plugged into a wall socket to feed energy produced by the sun directly into her home.

在柏林一場永續性展銷會上，一個新裝置引起華特蘿德．柏格的注意。這是一塊太陽能板，小到足以輕易安裝在陽台側邊，然後連上牆上插座，將太陽產生的能源直接送入她家。

“I was absolutely thrilled to learn that such a thing even existed, that you can generate your own power and be more independent,” said Berg, a retiree who installed several panels on the south-facing balcony of her Berlin apartment by herself.

柏格是一名退休人士，獨自在她位於柏林公寓的朝南陽台安裝了幾塊面板。她說，「知道有這樣一個東西存在，我非常激動，你可以自己發電，並變得更獨立」。

Each of the lightweight panels produces only enough electricity to charge a laptop or run a small refrigerator. But in homes across Germany, they are powering a quiet transformation, bringing the green revolution into the hands of people without requiring them to make a large investment, find an electrician or use heavy tools.

每個輕量面板產生的電力只足夠為一台筆記型電腦充電，或讓小冰箱運轉。但在德國各地的家庭，他們正在驅動一場寧靜轉型，將綠色革命帶進人們手中，無需要求他們做出大量投資、尋找電器技師或使用重型工具。

“You don’t need to drill or hammer anything,” Berg said. “You just hang them from the balcony like wet laundry in Italy.”

柏格說，「你不需要鑽或敲打任何東西，你只要把它們掛在陽台上，就像在義大利晾濕衣服一樣」。

More than 500,000 of the systems have already been set up across Germany, and new laws that relaxed rules around solar panel installation have contributed to a boom in use. In the first six months of the year, the country added 9 gigawatts of photovoltaic capacity, the amount of solar power a system produces, according to the Federal Network Agency, a German regulator.

這項系統在德國各地已安裝超過50萬個，而新法放寬了關於安裝太陽能板的規定，促成了使用激增。德國監管機構、聯邦網路局表示，在今年前6個月，該國增加9百萬瓩的光電容量，即一個系統產生的太陽能總量。

“We are seeing a continuous increase in solar installations in particular,” said Klaus Müller, president of the agency. “Compared to the total capacity at the end of 2023, almost 10% more solar capacity was added. Of that, two-thirds was installed on buildings, which includes balcony systems.”

網路局局長穆勒說，「我們特別見到太陽能裝置的持續增長。相較於2023年底的總容量，幾乎又增加了10%的太陽能容量。其中，三分之二安裝於建築物上，包括陽台系統」。

As part of its push to move away from dependence on Russian natural gas, the European Union is looking to quadruple the amount of power generated through photovoltaic sources by 2030, to 600 gigawatts. Germany aims to reach one-third of that amount by the same year. This year, Germany is expected to add more solar power capacity than any other European country, according to Rystad Energy.

作為擺脫依賴俄羅斯天然氣行動的一部分，歐盟指望到2030年，讓透過光電來源發電的總量增為4倍，成為600百萬瓩。德國致力到同一年達到該總量的三分之一。根據睿諮得能源，德國今年可望比任何其他歐洲國家增加更多太陽能容量。

Some of the solar panels sold in Germany are made by European companies, but most are produced in China, whose dominance of the global industry allows it to deliver solar panels at increasingly lower costs, said Nicholas Lua, an analyst with Rystad Energy.

睿諮得能源分析師盧雅說，德國銷售的太陽能板有些是由歐洲公司製造，但大部分是在中國生產，中國在全球業界的主導地位，讓其能夠以愈來愈低的成本交付太陽能板。

烏克蘭廣募新兵 但有本事打硬仗嗎

Ukraine’s campaign to replenish its war-weary troops is ramping up and should help fill personnel gaps on the front line in the coming weeks, according to Ukrainian officials, soldiers and military analysts.

烏克蘭官員、官兵和軍事分析家指出，烏克蘭正加速補充疲於作戰的部隊人力，應有助於在未來幾周內填補前線兵力缺口。

The mobilization push has so far not significantly bolstered Ukraine’s forces on the battlefield, those people say. Many conscripts are still completing the weekslong training process and have yet to reach the front. And some recruits who have arrived are not physically fit for combat, members of Ukrainian units have noted.

這些人表示，動員行動迄今為止尚未明顯提升戰場上的烏克蘭軍力。許多義務役軍人仍待完成長達數周的訓練過程，尚未抵達前線。烏克蘭部隊成員指出，有些已抵達前線的新兵身體狀況不適合戰鬥。

But several brigades deployed on the battlefield have reported an increase in the number of conscripts they have received in recent weeks. They said they were hoping that the influx of soldiers would help Ukraine to stabilize the front line this summer.

但多個部署在戰場上的旅已通報說，他們近幾周接收的義務役軍人數量增加。他們表示，希望兵源湧入能協助烏克蘭今年夏季穩定前線戰況。

Nazar Voytenkov, press officer for the 33rd Mechanized Brigade, said that his unit had “received more newbies this month” than they had at the beginning of the year. “And today I was told that more are coming to us,” he added.

烏克蘭第33機械化旅新聞官沃伊坦科夫表示，他的部隊「本月接收的新兵」比年初還多。他補充說：「今天我被告知，會有更多人來到我們部隊。」

The Ukrainian authorities have declined to share conscription figures, arguing that the information is confidential. Three military experts with knowledge of the figures said that Kyiv had been drafting up to 30,000 people a month since May, when a new conscription law took effect. That is two to three times more than during the last winter months, they said, and about the same number that the Russian army is recruiting each month. That figure could not be independently confirmed.

烏克蘭當局拒絕分享徵兵數據，表明這項資訊是機密。三名知悉相關數據的軍事專家表示，自5月新的徵兵法生效以來，基輔當局每月徵兵多達三萬人。他們說，人數是上個冬季月份期間的二至三倍，和俄軍每月徵召人數幾乎相同。這項數據無法被獨立核實。

The experts spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss the confidential numbers.

專家們要求匿名以討論這些機密數據。

Troop shortages have been one of Ukraine’s biggest problems on the battlefield for the past year. Russian forces have managed to break through weakened Ukrainian lines by overwhelming them with waves of ground assaults.

兵力短缺一直是烏克蘭過去一年在戰場上的最大問題之一。俄軍藉由發動數波地面攻擊壓倒烏軍，成功突破減弱的烏克蘭防線。

Ukraine has struggled to recruit or draft more soldiers because of what critics say is a system mired in Soviet-style bureaucracy and corruption. Most Ukrainians also see basic training for conscripts as inadequate, a recent survey showed, leading some to avoid the draft, worried that they would not be prepared for combat.

由於批評者稱相關體制深陷於蘇聯式官僚和貪腐，烏克蘭難以招募和徵召更多官兵。一份近期調查顯示，大多數烏克蘭人也認為針對義務役軍人的基本訓練不足，導致一些人避免被徵召，擔心他們無法做好準備戰鬥。

To address the issue, the Ukrainian Parliament passed a law in April requiring all men under 60 to register at draft offices or online, with the goal of streamlining the mobilization process. The Defense Ministry said this month that 4.7 million had obliged.

為了處理這個問題，烏克蘭國會今年4月通過一項法律，要求60歲以下男子在徵兵辦事處和線上註冊，目的是簡化動員流程。國防部本月表示，已有470萬人履行這項義務。