The U.N.’s Verdict on Climate Progress Over the Past Year: There Was None

過去一整年因應氣候 聯合國：沒進展

One year after world leaders made a landmark promise to move away from fossil fuels, countries have essentially made no progress in cutting emissions and tackling global warming, according to a United Nations report issued Thursday./span>

根據聯合國周四發布的報告，在世界領袖做出擺脫化石燃料的里程碑式承諾一年後，各國在減少排放量和應對全球暖化方面基本上沒有任何進展。

Global greenhouse gas emissions soared to a record 57 gigatons last year and are not on track to decline much, if at all, this decade, the report found. Collectively, nations have been so slow to curtail their use of oil, gas and coal that it now looks unlikely that countries will be able to limit global warming to the levels they agreed to under the 2015 Paris climate agreement./span>

報告發現，去年全球溫室氣體排放量飆升至創紀錄的57吉噸，這個10年內即使下降也不會降太多。總體而言，各國減少使用石油、天然氣和煤的進展緩慢，目前看來，各國不太可能將全球暖化限制在他們2015年巴黎氣候協定中同意的水平。

“Another year passed without action means we’re worse off,” said Anne Olhoff, a climate policy expert based in Denmark and a co-author of the assessment, known as the Emissions Gap Report./span>

這份名為「排放差距報告」的共同作者、駐丹麥的氣候政策專家安妮．奧爾霍夫表示：「又一個沒有行動的一年過去，意味我們的處境變得更糟。」

The report comes a month before diplomats from around the world are scheduled to meet in Baku, Azerbaijan, for annual U.N. climate talks, where countries will discuss how they might step up efforts to address global warming./span>

這份報告，在全球外交官預計於亞塞拜然巴庫舉行年度聯合國氣候會議一個月前發布。各國將在會中討論如何加強應對全球暖化。

Lately, those efforts have faced huge obstacles./span>

最近，這些努力面臨重大障礙。

Even though renewable energy sources like wind and solar are growing rapidly around the world, demand for electricity has been rising even faster, which means countries are still burning more fossil fuels each year. Geopolitical conflicts, from the U.S.-China rivalry to war in places like Ukraine and the Gaza Strip, have made international cooperation on climate change harder. And rich countries have failed to keep their financial promises to help poor countries shift away from oil, gas and coal./span>

即使再生能源如風力和太陽能在世界各地迅速成長，但電力需求成長更快。這意味各國每年仍燃燒更多化石燃料。地緣政治衝突，包括美中競爭和烏克蘭以及加薩走廊的戰爭，已讓氣候變遷的國際合作變得更困難。富有國家未能兌現財務承諾，幫助貧窮國家擺脫石油、天然氣和煤。

The new U.N. report finds that at least 151 countries have formally pledged under the Paris climate agreement to curb their greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. If every country followed through on its stated plans, which is far from assured, then global emissions could be 3% to 11% lower at the end of the decade than they are today./span>

這份新的聯合國報告發現，至少151國在巴黎氣候協定正式承諾，2030年以前限制其溫室氣體排放量。如果每個國家都履行其所提出的計畫，而此事根本不確定，那麼全球排放量這10年末可能比現在降低3%至11%。

Over the past year, only the island nation of Madagascar has submitted a new, stronger pledge to curb emissions by 2030, despite exhortations by U.N. officials for all countries to bolster their plans./span>

過去一年，儘管聯合國官員激勵所有國家改善他們的計畫，但只有馬達加斯加提交2030年前限制排放量的更強新承諾。

聯合國：各國支出不夠因應氣候變遷衝擊

After Donald Trump’s election threatened to upend global efforts to fight climate change, a United Nations group warned in a new report that developing nations need hundreds of billions of dollars per year in aid to adapt to a warming planet.

川普當選威脅將顛覆全球對抗氣候變遷的努力後，一個聯合國組織在一份新報告中警告，開發中國家每年需要數千億美元援助，適應暖化的地球。

With temperatures on the rise, many more countries are trying to protect themselves from heat waves, floods and other climate shocks, according to the report, from the U.N. Environment Program. At least 171 countries now have at least one national climate adaptation plan in place.

這份出自聯合國環境署的報告顯示，隨著氣溫上升，更多國家試圖保護他們自己免受熱浪、洪水和其他氣候衝擊影響。如今至少171國制定了至少一項國家氣候適應計畫。

But those efforts remain badly underfunded, particularly in poor countries. While wealthy nations provided $28 billion in aid for climate adaptation in 2022, the report estimates that developing nations need between $187 billion and $359 billion annually in additional funding to cope with climate change disasters.

但這些努力仍嚴重缺乏資金，特別是在貧窮國家。儘管富有國家2022年提供280億美元援助用於氣候適應，但這份報告估計，開發中國家每年需要1870億至3590億美元的額外資金，應對氣候變遷災害。

World leaders are meeting in Azerbaijan at the U.N. climate summit, called COP29, to discuss how to increase financial assistance to developing nations. Reaching an agreement could be more difficult now that Trump, who has dismissed climate change as a hoax, is the United States’ president-elect.

世界領袖齊聚亞塞拜然，參加「聯合國氣候變化綱要公約第29屆締約方大會」，討論如何增加對開發中國家的財務援助。由於川普將氣候變遷視為騙局，而他又當選美國總統，現在達成協議可能更困難。

“Trump’s victory is a profound blow to global climate justice,” said Harjeet Singh, global engagement director at an activist group called the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative. His “refusal to provide climate finance will deepen the crisis,” Singh added, “endangering lives and livelihoods — especially in regions least responsible for, yet most impacted by, climate change.”

倡導組織「化石燃料不擴散條約倡議」全球參與主任辛格表示：「川普的勝利是對全球氣候正義的沉重打擊。」辛格補充說，川普「拒絕提供氣候資金，將深化危機，危及生命和生計，特別是在對氣候變遷要負的責任最小，但受影響卻最大的地區」。

The question of what rich countries owe to poor countries has been a sticking point in international climate talks for years. Wealthy areas like the United States and Europe have historically pumped more heat-trapping greenhouse gases into the air than others by burning coal, oil and gas, while poorer countries, such as those in Africa, are more vulnerable to climate disasters.

富國欠窮國多少的問題，多年來一直是國際氣候談判的癥結。美國和歐洲等富裕地區，歷來透過燃燒煤、石油和天然氣，排放比其他地區更多的吸熱溫室氣體至空氣中，而較貧窮的國家，例如那些位於非洲的國家，更容易受氣候災害影響。

Under the 2015 Paris climate agreement, wealthy nations agreed to provide significantly more financial aid to developing nations. The vast majority of that aid, however, goes toward helping countries reduce their greenhouse gases, such as by building solar or wind farms.

根據2015年巴黎氣候協定，富有國家同意提供開發中國家更多財務援助。然而，絕大多數援助花在協助各國減少他們的溫室氣體排放，例如建造太陽能和風力發電廠。

But as global emissions keep rising and as the planet gets hotter, the necessity of adapting to heat waves, floods, sea level rise and other effects of climate change is getting more attention. Adaptation aid from wealthy nations and development banks jumped to $28 billion in 2022 from $21 billion in 2021.

但隨著全球排放量持續上升，且地球變得更熱，適應熱浪、洪水、海平面上升和其他氣候變遷影響的必要性，正受到愈來愈多關注。來自富裕國家和開發銀行的適應援助從2021年的210億美元，增加到2022年的280億美元。