老對手新戰場：印巴展開無人機對決

India and Pakistan, old enemies, are engaged in their most expansive military conflict in decades, and with continued shelling and further drone attacks on Friday, they are using new tools of war to enhance their ability to attack and spy on each other.

印度與巴基斯坦這兩個宿敵，正爆發數十年來最為全面的軍事衝突，隨著周五持續的砲擊與進一步的無人機攻擊，雙方正在運用戰爭的新工具來強化彼此的攻擊與間諜能力。

On Friday, Indian defense officials said Pakistan’s military had attempted aerial intrusions in 36 locations with “300 to 400” drones to test India’s air-defense system.

周五，印度國防官員表示，巴基斯坦軍方試圖在36個地點進行空中入侵，使用「300到400架」無人機，以測試印度的防空系統。

A day earlier, Pakistani military officials said they had shot down 25 drones belonging to India, including in Karachi and Rawalpindi, the headquarters of Pakistan’s main intelligence body. Pakistani officials also told U.S. officials that India was engaging in “drone terrorism” by targeting civilian areas, according to a statement. India has not commented on the drones.

一天前，巴基斯坦軍方官員表示，他們擊落了25架屬於印度的無人機，地點包括喀拉蚩與拉瓦爾品第—後者是巴基斯坦主要情報機構的總部。根據一份聲明，巴基斯坦官員還向美國官員表示，印度針對平民區發動攻擊，從事「無人機恐怖主義」。對於這些無人機，印度尚未發表評論。

Although many countries now have drones in their arsenals, this is the first time the unmanned aerial vehicles are being used by the two nuclear-armed countries against each other. The use of drone warfare may have been inevitable, but it could reshape the way the world views hostilities between India and Pakistan, much as it did after the two countries became nuclear powers in the 1990s.

雖然許多國家如今都擁有無人機作為武器裝備，但是兩個核武國家彼此使用無人機互攻尚屬首次。無人機戰爭的使用或許早已無可避免，但這可能會重新塑造國際間對印度與巴基斯坦敵對關係的看法，如同1990年代兩國成為核武國家後那樣。

The conflict began after militants killed 26 people last month in India-controlled Kashmir. India accused Pakistan of being behind the attack and vowed to take military action. Pakistan has denied involvement.

這場衝突起於上個月，一場激進分子在印度控制的克什米爾發動攻擊，造成26人喪生。印度指控巴基斯坦策畫該次攻擊，並誓言將採取軍事行動。巴基斯坦則否認涉入其中。

The conflict has escalated since Wednesday, when India conducted airstrikes on Pakistan. Since then, the two countries have been locked in an intensifying exchange of gunfire, drone attacks, claims, counterclaims and misinformation.

自周三印度對巴基斯坦發動空襲以來，衝突不斷升級。此後，兩國陷入一連串激烈的交火、無人機攻擊、指控與反指控，以及錯誤資訊的循環之中。

India and Pakistan have been developing their respective drone-building industries in recent years, and both import drones from foreign allies. But neither country appears to have any that can carry nuclear warheads, said James Patton Rogers, a drone warfare expert at Cornell University. And while he called the conflict “incredibly worrying,” he also noted that drones generally are used as the lowest possible escalatory step in a conflict, usually to pressure and test an opponent’s air defenses.

近年來，印度與巴基斯坦皆致力發展自家的無人機製造產業，並從外國盟友進口無人機。但康乃爾大學無人機戰爭專家羅傑斯表示，兩國似乎都尚未擁有能攜帶核彈頭的無人機。他指出，儘管這場衝突「極度令人擔憂」，但無人機通常被視為衝突中風險最低的升高局勢手段，主要用途是測試另一方的防空能力及施壓。

國際赴美旅遊崩盤是真的嗎？

Amid a global trade war, canceled visas and tourists detained at the border, the signals from the United States have been anything but inviting to potential visitors.

全球貿易戰、取消簽證和觀光客在邊境被拘留發生之際，美國所發出的信號對潛在遊客而言一點也不誘人。

Many news outlets have reported extraordinary declines in international visitors during the new Trump administration, especially from Europe.

許多新聞媒體報導，新任川普政府執政期間，國際遊客人數急劇下降，特別是來自歐洲的遊客。

But despite some ominous signs, a close look at the data shows that travel to the United States is largely holding up — at least so far.

但儘管出現一些不祥跡象，仔細觀察數據顯示，前往美國美國的旅遊人次很大程度上保持穩定—至少目前為止是如此。

Nearly as many foreign travelers have arrived at American airports this year as during the same period last year, according to an analysis by The New York Times of entry data collected from every international airport in the country.

紐約時報針對從全美國際機場收集到的入境數據分析顯示，今年飛抵美國的外國旅客人次幾乎和去年同期一樣多。

International arrivals did drop more than 10% in March compared with last year, but this was largely because Easter fell unusually late this year, pushing back a popular travel window for European tourists. More recent figures from April show that travel over the holiday looked similar to previous years.

今年3月國際旅客人次和去年同期相比確實減少10%，但這主要是因為今年復活節來得異常晚，推遲歐洲觀光客熱門旅遊窗口。4月最新數據顯示，假期期間的旅遊狀況和去年同期類似。

Visitors haven’t stopped booking summer vacations in the United States, either, with one major exception.

遊客們也沒有停止預訂前往美國的暑假行程，但有個明顯例外。

Canadians, angered by U.S. tariffs and Trump administration talk of turning their country into a 51st state, really do appear to be boycotting the United States. Ticket sales for travel in summer are down 21% compared with last year.

加拿大人對於美國關稅，及川普政府談到將他們的國家變成第51州的說法感到憤怒，他們似乎真的在抵制美國。夏季旅遊機票的銷售額比去年同期下滑21%。

The decline in Canadian travelers, who make up roughly a quarter of all foreign visitors, is enough by itself to threaten tourism-oriented businesses in Florida, New York, Maine and other popular destinations.

加拿大遊客占所有外國遊客的約四分之一，光是這點就足以威脅佛州、紐約、緬因州和其他熱門觀光勝地的相關產業。

But sales of tickets for summer travel from the rest of the world are down only 2% compared with the same period last year, according to data on the 25 most popular routes from the Airlines Reporting Corp., whose data covers about two-thirds of global airline ticket sales.

但ARC航空報告公司的25條熱門航線數據顯示，從世界其他地區到美國的夏季機票銷售額比去年同期僅下降2%。該公司數據涵蓋全球約三分之二的銷售。

Any decline is worrisome for the travel industry, and the situation could worsen if economies are further weakened by the trade war or if anti-American sentiment rises. There is extraordinary uncertainty among travel analysts about whether visitors will continue to come in the same numbers — and if so, for how long.

對旅遊業而言，任何下降都是令人擔憂的，且若貿易戰導致經濟進一步疲弱，或反美情緒升高，情勢可能更為惡化。旅遊分析師普遍感到極度不確定，不知道訪客是否會繼續以同樣的數量來美國—若會，那麼會持續多久？

Part of the explanation for the relatively unchanged arrival figures so far may lie in the nature of the travel business. Many international trips are booked months in advance, and can be hard to cancel, and so even a traveler who feels antagonized by U.S. policies may in the end get on a plane anyway.

截至目前為止，入境數據仍大致持平，部分原因可能與旅遊產業的特性有關。許多國際旅程都是提前數月預訂，而且不容易取消，所以即便旅客對美國政策覺得反感，最終可能還是會登機赴美。