美眾名廚反對禁用「永久化學物質」

Rachael Ray. Marcus Samuelsson. David Chang.

瑞秋・雷、馬庫斯・塞繆爾森、張錫鎬。

These celebrity chefs are joining forces, but not for a new restaurant or cooking show. They are teaming up to defend the use of “forever chemicals” in pots and pans.

這些名廚聯手，但不是為了開新餐廳或拍新的料理節目。他們是為了捍衛鍋具中「永久化學物質」的使用。

The chefs, all of whom sell or endorse cookware lines, are opposing a California bill that would phase out the contentious chemicals from a range of products they’re used in, like nonstick cookware, food packaging and dental floss. California lawmakers have passed the bill in mid-September.

這些名廚都有販售或是代言鍋具品牌，他們反對加州的一項法案。該法案將逐步淘汰這些具爭議性的化學物質，涵蓋不沾鍋、食品包裝、牙線等多種產品。加州州議會已經於9月中旬通過此案。

The synthetic chemicals accumulate in the body and have been linked to low birth weight, birth defects and developmental delays in infants as well as increased risk of some prostate, kidney and testicular cancers.

這些合成化學物質會在人體內累積，並被證實與嬰兒出生體重過輕、先天缺陷、發展遲緩，以及攝護腺、腎臟、睪丸等癌症風險上升有關。

The chefs say that nonstick cookware is safe when used responsibly and that a ban would be unfortunate for people who love cooking.

名廚們主張，只要負責任地使用，不沾鍋是安全的，而禁令對於熱愛料理的人而言，將是一種不幸。

Ray, a talk-show personality, wrote that “as someone who’s spent her life fighting for better food, better choices, and better health — especially for kids and families — I respectfully ask you to vote against this proposed ban.”

脫口秀主持人雷寫道：「作為一個一生致力於爭取更好的食物、更好的選擇與更好的健康——特別是為了孩子與家庭的人，我謹此請求各位投票反對這項禁令。」

But Mark Ruffalo, the Hollywood actor who played a lawyer facing off with PFAS manufacturers in the 2019 film “Dark Waters,” has jumped into the issue, criticizing Ray in front of his almost 8 million followers on social platform X for her “advocacy on behalf of the cookware industry.”

然而，在2019年電影「黑水風暴」中飾演與PFAS製造商對抗的律師，好萊塢演員馬克．魯法洛，也加入戰局。他在社群平台X上對著近800萬粉絲批評，雷是「為鍋具產業代言」。

Asked about his criticism, Ruffalo said, “We don’t need to poison ourselves or our neighbors to have nonstick pans.”

被問到這項批評時，魯法洛回應：「我們沒必要為了用不沾鍋，就去毒害自己和鄰居。」

None of the chefs’ representatives responded to requests for comment.

名廚的代表均未回應置評要求。

Scientists have warned that PFAS can end up in food when nonstick cookware overheats, is scratched or otherwise starts to degrade.

科學家警告說，當不沾鍋過熱、刮傷或開始劣化時，PFAS可能會進入食物中。

However they say the bigger danger is from the manufacturing of products containing PFAS, which causes significant pollution, research has shown, by contaminating drinking water sources and getting into the food supply.

不過，他們指出更大的危險來自於含PFAS產品的製造過程。研究顯示，這會造成嚴重汙染，像是飲用水源，甚至進入食物供應鏈。

The California bill would ban the sale and distribution of several categories of products that contain intentionally added PFAS, starting in 2028. But it wouldn’t be the first to phase out PFAS in cookware. Minnesota has a law that prohibits PFAS in cookware as well as 10 other types of products, including dental floss, and five other states are set to also phase out cookware that uses the chemicals.

待州長紐森簽署成為法令後，加州自2028年起將禁止販售與流通某些含有刻意添加PFAS的產品。這不是首例。明尼蘇達州已經立法禁止在鍋具與其他10種產品（包含牙線）中使用 PFAS，另外還有5個州也將逐步淘汰含此化學物質的鍋具。

仿效全球獨裁者 川普威脅廣電業者

A comedian steps onto the stage and makes a joke or barbed comment that offends a powerful leader. Or maybe it’s a cartoon or television program that pushes buttons.

一名喜劇演員步上舞台，講了一個笑話或帶刺的評論，或許能是引發爭議的一部動畫或電視節目。

Regardless, the targets and their ilk accuse the creators and their bosses of violating moral standards and national virtues. Then the state cracks down. Authorities issue threats, exert financial pressure and hint at shutdowns as the humorists hire lawyers, executives cower, and everyone learns the obvious: Nothing negative or embarrassing will be allowed about the government or its friends.

無論如何，目標對象及其類似者指控創作者及其上司違反社會道德標準和國家的道德旗幟後，國家進行打壓。當幽默創作者聘請律師、主管畏縮時，當局發出威脅、施加財務壓力並暗示可能關閉，大家都學到一個明顯的道理：任何針對政府或其盟友的負面或令人尷尬的內容都不被允許。

Those who live in China, India, Iran, Russia, Turkey and Venezuela are familiar with this scenario. Each is governed with various levels of authoritarianism; all have seen comedians, broadcasters, journalists and cartoonists squeezed toward silence.

那些生活在中國大陸、印度、伊朗、俄國、土耳其與委內瑞拉的人熟悉這種場景。每個國家都受不同程度的權威主義統治；全都目睹喜劇演員、廣播員、記者與漫畫家被被迫保持沉默。

Now President Donald Trump, with his threat Thursday to revoke broadcasting licenses from networks with late-night hosts who make jokes or comments at his expense, has pushed the United States closer to that club. With lawsuits against media companies, cuts to public broadcasting, and threats to rescind licenses or deny mergers while rewarding friendlier outlets, Trump’s tactics fit a disturbing global pattern.

現在，川普總統於周四威脅撤銷那些晚間節目主持人取笑或批評他的電視網的播送執照，這使美國愈來愈接近那些威權國家的行列。藉由對媒體企業提起訴訟，威脅吊銷執照或否決併購案、同時獎勵態度友好的媒體，川普的戰術符合一種令人不安的全球模式。

“Controlling information and media is the one of the early and necessary steps of the authoritarian,” said Jennifer McCoy, a professor of political science at Georgia State University who studies the deterioration of democracy. “Then, repressing dissent and criticism, not just among the media, but among political opponents and citizens follows.”

研究民主衰落的喬治亞州立大學政治學教授麥柯伊說，「控制信息和媒體是威權統治者早期且必要的步驟之一，接著是壓制異議與批評，不只針對媒體，也針對政治對手與公民」。

No expert or organization that tracks free expression is comparing Trump to the world’s greatest violators. The worst authoritarian regimes have murdered critics and imprisoned anyone deemed questionable. Many dictators shut down newspapers and seized television networks when they came to power.

追蹤言論自由的專家或組織還未將川普與全球最嚴重的侵犯者相提並論。最糟糕的威權政權謀殺批評者，監禁任何被認定有問題的人。許多獨裁者掌權後關閉報紙並奪取電視網路。

But the United States has historically been a defender of free speech, and the tactics Trump has embraced — suggesting that only presidentially approved opinions are valid and protected — place the United States in awkward company.

但美國歷來是言論自由的捍衛者，而川普擁抱的戰術：暗示只有總統認可的意見才是有效受保護的，將美國置於尷尬的處境。

Freedom of expression is deteriorating in America and 43 other countries, a quarter of the world’s nations, according to the 2025 Democracy Report issued by the Swedish-based V-Dem Institute. That’s up from 35 a year earlier, and the institute says the problem has been getting worse for at least a decade.

根據瑞典「多元民主中心」發布的「2025年民主報告」，美國與其他43個國家的言論自由正在惡化，占全球國家總數約4分之1。這個數字較一年前的35個加上升，該研究所說至少過去10年以來該問題持續在惡化。

In democracies and dictatorships, those who bundle their critiques with humor have become frequent targets.

無論民主國家還是獨裁國家，將批評與幽默結合的人已經成為常見的攻擊目標。