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Harpy Eagles▼: The National Bird of Panama Threatened With Extinction 剽悍的王者：角鵰
by Evan Witkowski |
Conservationists▼ are trying to save endangered animals from being devastated by climate change.
保育人士正努力拯救受氣候變遷所重創的瀕危動物。 |
Climate change not only affects the weather on our planet, but it also has a devastating impact on wildlife, including exotic or endangered plants and animals. The natural habitats of many animals are threatened by deforestation▼ and changes in climate, both of _(1)_ can have a negative impact on the ecosystem▼.
The Belize Zoo is home to a large variety of animals, and an interesting addition▼ to their collection is "Hope" the harpy eagle. In December 2009, when Hope was four years old, it settled into the Belize Harpy Eagle Restoration Program in the forests of the Rio Bravo Conservation and Management Area. Hope is the 15th harpy eagle bred in _(2)_ in Panama and transferred to Belize for release. It was even _(3)_ "Ambassador▼ for Climate Change" in consideration of the 2009 UN Climate Change Conference, as it became the "poster child▼" of forest conservation for Belize.
Harpy eagles are _(4)_ to areas from southern Mexico to the northern part of Argentina, but they are a rare sight because their population size is so small. This bird of prey▼ is almost extinct in Central America because of logging▼ and deforestation, except in Panama, _(5)_ it is regarded as the national bird. They are among the largest species of eagles. Mostly residing in tropical lowland rainforests, these _(6)_ eagles hunt for prey from the canopy▼ to the forest floor.
Although some groups are believed to migrate, harpy eagles are _(7)_ endangered birds that need the help of conservationists to survive. The habitats of these apex▼ predators are destroyed by land development such as logging and agriculture. They are also hunted by humans who think they are a threat because of their enormous size and bold behavior▼. Hopefully, everyone will wake up to the dangers of climate change, and the harpy eagles will not go extinct.
1. (A) them (B) which (C) whom (D) those
2. (A) longevity (B) mortality (C) captivity (D) formality
3. (A) estimated (B) dubbed (C) isolated (D) deprived
4. (A) superior (B) allergic (C) relevant (D) indigenous
5. (A) where (B) which (C) when (D) what
6. (A) outrageous (B) pathetic (C) majestic (D) habitual
7. (A) unknowingly (B) critically (C) occasionally (D) inevitably
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- The natural habitats of many animals are threatened by deforestation and changes in climate, both of which can have a negative impact on the ecosystem.
不少動物的自然棲息地因森林砍伐和氣候變遷而遭受威脅，這兩種因素皆會對生態系統產生負面影響。
理由:
a. 空格前為一完整子句，此處並無連接詞連接空格前後兩句，得知空格應置入關係代名詞 which，以引導形容詞子句，修飾其前的先行詞 deforestation and changes in climate（森林砍伐和氣候變遷），同時亦作此形容詞子句的主詞。其句型如下：
完整句, 數量詞 + of + 關係詞（which / whom）引導的形容詞子句
I saw three movies last weekend, one of which was quite interesting.
我上個週末看了三部電影，其中一部相當有趣。
b. 根據上述， (B) 項應為正選。
- Hope is the 15th harpy eagle bred in captivity in Panama and transferred to Belize for release.
『希望』是巴拿馬第十五隻豢養繁殖的角鵰，牠被轉送到貝里斯釋放。
理由:
a. (A) longevity n. 長壽
Turtles represent good luck and longevity in Chinese culture.
在中華文化中，烏龜代表吉祥和長壽。
(B) mortality n. 死亡率；必死性
Poor living conditions in this country have led to high infant mortality rates.
該國惡劣的生存條件造成高嬰兒死亡率。
＊infant n. 嬰兒
(C) captivity n. 囚禁
衍: in captivity 被豢養；被監禁
Grace feels it's wrong for animals to be held in captivity, so she never visits zoos.
葛麗絲覺得把動物關起來是不對的，所以她從來不去動物園。
(D) formality n. 形式，拘泥，常例
We want to give you the job, so this interview is only a formality.
我們想要錄用你，所以這次面試只不過是一種形式。
b. 根據語意及用法，(C) 項應為正選。
- It was even dubbed "Ambassador for Climate Change" in consideration of the 2009 UN Climate Change Conference, ...
有鑑於 2009 年聯合國氣候變化大會，牠甚至被冠以『氣候變遷大使』的頭銜，……
理由:
a. (A) estimate vt. 估計
It is estimated that 50,000 people will attend the demonstration.
估計有五萬人會參加這次的示威遊行。
(B) dub vt. 給予……的稱號；為（影片、節目等）配音
衍: be dubbed into sth （影片、節目等）以某語言配音
Paris is commonly dubbed the City of Light.
世人普遍稱巴黎為夜光之都。
It is a French film dubbed into English.
這是一部以英語配音的法國片。
(C) isolate vt. 使隔離，使孤立
衍: isolate A from B 將 A 與 B 隔離
After his wife died, John isolated himself from everyone.
妻子死後，約翰便過著與世隔絕的生活。
(D) deprive vt. 剝奪
衍: deprive sb of sth 剝奪某人某物
The court deprived the man of his civil rights.
該男子被法院褫奪公權。
＊civil rights 公民的權利（恆用複數）
b. 根據語意，(B) 項應為正選。
- Harpy eagles are indigenous to areas from southern Mexico to the northern part of Argentina, but they are a rare sight because their population size is so small.
角鵰是墨西哥南部到阿根廷北部地區所特有的鳥類，不過因為牠們的族群數量稀少而相當罕見。
理由:
a. (A) superior a. 較優的
衍: be superior to... 比……優秀
This car is far superior to that one in terms of comfort.
就舒適性而言，這輛車要比那一輛棒多了。
＊in terms of... 就……而言
(B) allergic a. 過敏的
衍: be allergic to... 對……過敏
Peggy loves dogs, but she can't have one because she is allergic to their fur.
佩琪雖然愛狗但卻不能養，因為她對狗毛過敏。
(C) relevant a. 有關的
衍: be relevant to... 和……有關
This article is relevant to the project I'm working on.
這篇文章和我正在做的專案有關。
＊work on... 從事／著手……
(D) indigenous a. 土生土長的
衍: be indigenous to + 地方 是某地特有的
= be native / unique to + 地方
Kiwi birds are indigenous to New Zealand.
奇異鳥為紐西蘭所獨有。
b. 根據語意及用法，(D) 項應為正選。
- This bird of prey is almost extinct in Central America because of logging and deforestation, except in Panama, where it is regarded as the national bird.
由於砍伐林木以及濫砍森林，這種猛禽在中美洲除了巴拿馬之外已幾乎絕跡，而角雕在該國被視為國鳥。
理由:
a. 由於空格前的先行詞 Panama（巴拿馬）為表『地方』的名詞，且空格後為一完整的子句，故空格內應置入能修飾地方的關係副詞 where（= in which）來引導形容詞子句。
b. 原句解析如下：
This bird of prey is almost extinct in Central America... except in Panama, where it is regarded as the national bird.
= This bird of prey is almost extinct in Central America... except in Panama, in which it is regarded as the national bird.
c. 根據上述，(A) 項應為正選。
- Mostly residing in tropical lowland rainforests, these majestic eagles hunt for prey from the canopy to the forest floor.
這些雄壯的老鷹大多居住在熱帶低地雨林中，狩獵範圍從樹冠到林地都有。
理由:
a. (A) outrageous a. 蠻橫的
I am sick and tired of Todd's outrageous behavior.
陶德蠻橫的行為令我厭惡。
(B) pathetic a. 可憐的，可悲的
It's a pathetic sight to see the former millionaire reduced to begging for change.
看到這名以前的百萬富豪淪落到在路邊討零錢，真令人感到可悲。
＊be reduced to begging 淪落到靠乞討維生的程度
(C) majestic a. 雄偉的
We stood in awe before the majestic Westminster Abbey.
我們敬畏地站在雄偉的西敏寺前。
(D) habitual a. 習慣性的
Susan is a habitual liar. Never trust a word she says.
蘇珊習慣說謊。千萬不要相信她說的話。
b. 根據語意，(C) 項應為正選。
- Although some groups are believed to migrate, harpy eagles are critically endangered birds that need the help of conservationists to survive.
儘管某些鳥群被認為會遷徙，角鵰仍是亟需保育人士協助才能生存的極度瀕危鳥類。
理由:
a. (A) unknowingly adv. 不知不覺地
Tom's cat got out of the house because he unknowingly left the door open.
湯姆沒注意把門關好，他的貓便從家裡跑出去了。
(B) critically adv. 極度地；嚴重地
During the days when Rebecca was critically ill, her parents spent many restless nights at her side.
在瑞貝卡生重病期間，她的雙親在她身邊度過許多不眠不休的夜晚。
＊restless a. 無休止的；不安的
(C) occasionally adv. 偶爾
同: on occasion
Pamela occasionally goes rock climbing with her friends.
潘蜜拉偶爾會和朋友去攀岩。
(D) inevitably adv. 不可避免地
The debate on abortion inevitably led to an uproar.
這場有關墮胎的辯論最後不可避免地成了一陣吵鬧。
＊abortion n. 墮胎
uproar n. 吵鬧，騷動
b. 根據語意，(B) 項應為正選。 |
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- extinction n. 滅絕，絕種
衍: extinct a. 絕種的
This rare plant is on the verge of extinction.
這種稀有植物目前正瀕臨絕種。
＊be on the verge / brink / edge of... 在……的邊緣
People have proposed all sorts of hypotheses to explain why dinosaurs became extinct.
人們已提出種種假設以說明恐龍絕種的原因。
＊hypothesis n. 假設
- endangered a. 瀕臨絕種的
The group is working to help endangered species increase their numbers.
該團體正努力幫助瀕臨絕種的物種增加數量。
- devastate vt. 破壞，毀滅，蹂躪
同: destroy vt.
衍: devastating a. 毀滅性的；令人震驚的
Hundreds of homes were devastated by the recent flood.
上百戶家園慘遭最近一場水災的蹂躪。
Many buildings collapsed when that devastating earthquake occurred.
很多大樓在那場毀滅性的地震中倒塌。
- exotic a. 外來的；異國風情的
My father has a preference for exotic cuisines, such as Thai and Indian.
我爸爸偏好泰國菜和印度菜等異國料理。
- habitat n.（動物的）棲息地
- restoration n. 恢復；修復
衍: restore vt. 復原
The historical museum is closed temporarily for restoration.
這間歷史博物館暫時關閉以進行維修。
The new government is trying hard to restore the country's economy to its full strength.
新政府正努力設法讓該國的經濟回復到全盛狀態。
- conservation n. 保育；保存
- conference n. 會議
衍: a press conference 記者會
- migrate vi.（鳥獸）遷徙
Most hummingbirds in North America migrate to Mexico for the winter.
北美洲大多數的蜂鳥都會遷徙到墨西哥過冬。
- bold a. 大膽的，英勇的；醒目的
Bright colors and bold strokes characterize the artist's early paintings.
明亮的顏色和醒目的筆觸是該藝術家早期畫作的特徵。
＊characterize vt. 以……為特徵／色
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▼ harpy eagle 角鵰
harpy n. 鳥身女妖
▼ conservationist n. 保育人士
▼ deforestation n. 森林砍伐
衍: deforest vt. 採伐……的森林
▼ ecosystem n. 生態系統
▼ addition n. 增加（常與介詞 to 並用）
▼ ambassador n. 大使
▼ poster child n. 典型代表；代言兒童
▼ bird of prey 食肉猛禽
prey n. 獵物
▼ logging n. 伐木；伐木業
▼ canopy n. 樹冠
▼ apex n. 頂點
▼ behavior n. 行為，舉止 |
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- be home to... ……的所在地／發源地／棲息地
The ocean is home to numerous species of fish.
大海是眾多種魚類的棲息地。
- settle into... 適應……
It won't take too long for you to settle into college life.
你用不著多久時間就能適應大學生活了。
- in consideration of... 鑑於／考慮到……
In consideration of the extra work Joe had done, his boss gave him an extra week's pay.
由於阿喬做了額外的工作，老闆多付給他一週的薪水。
- be regarded as... 被視為……
同: be seen / viewed / looked upon / thought of as...
A half hour of cycling can only be regarded as a light workout.
騎半個小時的自行車只能算是輕量運動而已。
- reside in... 居住在……
同: live / dwell in...
Even though they resided in different countries, Mark and Kate kept in touch.
即使馬克和凱特居住在不同的國家，他們仍保持聯絡。
- wake up to sth 開始覺察到……
Jeff is foolish if he doesn't wake up to the fact that his girlfriend is cheating on him.
傑夫要是沒發覺他女友對他不忠的話，那就真是笨得可以。
＊cheat on sb 對某人感情不忠
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剽悍的王者：角鵰
保育人士正努力拯救受氣候變遷所重創的瀕危動物。
氣候變遷不僅會影響地球上的天氣，也會對野生動物造成災難性的衝擊，外來種或瀕臨滅絕的動植物皆包含在內。不少動物的自然棲息地因森林砍伐和氣候變遷而遭受威脅，這兩種因素皆會對生態系統產生負面影響。
貝里斯動物園是擁有各式各樣動物的大本營，它們的收藏中加入了一個挺有意思的成員，即是名為『希望』的角鵰。2009 年十二月，當時『希望』四歲，牠在里約布拉沃保育管理區的森林裡適應著貝里斯角鵰復育計劃。『希望』是巴拿馬第十五隻豢養繁殖的角鵰，牠被轉送到貝里斯釋放。有鑑於 2009 年聯合國氣候變化大會，牠甚至被冠以『氣候變遷大使』的頭銜，因為牠成了貝里斯森林保育的『代表人物』。
角鵰是墨西哥南部到阿根廷北部地區所特有的鳥類，不過因為牠們的族群數量稀少而相當罕見。由於砍伐林木以及濫砍森林，這種猛禽在中美洲除了巴拿馬之外已幾乎絕跡，而角雕在該國被視為國鳥。牠們是最大品種的鷹科鳥類之一。這些雄壯的老鷹大多居住在熱帶低地雨林中，狩獵範圍從樹冠到林地都有。
儘管某些鳥群被認為會遷徙，角鵰仍是亟需保育人士協助才能生存的極度瀕危鳥類。這些頂端獵食者的棲息地被像是伐木業和農業等土地開發給摧毀了。由於角鵰身型巨大且習性勇猛，牠們也會被人們視為一種威脅而獵殺。但願每個人都能體認到氣候變遷所帶來的危險，而角鵰也將不會滅絕了。
答案：1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B |
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