and computer programmers is bringing an ancient Chinese village to digital life.

一群年輕的動畫設計師、插畫家和電腦程式設計師正在讓一座中國古鎮在數位世界裡重現。

The team — mostly graduates of China’s leading arts schools — is adding intricate details to temples, palaces and pagodas and animating the movements of the digital characters, including two pandas named Po and Mei Mei.

團隊成員大多畢業於中國頂尖美術院校——他們正在為寺院、宮殿和寶塔增添精緻複雜的細節裝飾，還會讓數位角色動起來，包括兩隻貓熊：波和美美。

The project, part of the next installment of the blockbuster Hollywood film franchise “Kung Fu

Panda,” represents a shift in China’s movie making ambitions.

他們從事的計畫是好萊塢系列大片《功夫熊貓》續集的一部分，同時代表著中國拍片雄心的變遷。

No longer content to build movie sets and provide extras in Hollywood films, Chinese studios are helping to develop, design and produce world-class films and animated features.

不再甘於只是為好萊塢電影搭布景或提供臨時演員，中國的電影公司協助世界級電影和動畫片的開發、設計和製作。

They want a bigger role in the creative process, one that will allow them to reap more rewards .

它們想要在創意過程扮演更大角色，這將讓它們獲得更多回報。

“Kung Fu Panda 3” is the first collaboration between Hollywood’s DreamWorks Animation and its Chinese partner, Oriental DreamWorks, which is partly owned by a government investment fund and a private equity firm, China Media Capital. DreamWorks Animation has taken the lead in the creative and design work for the animated

feature, which is scheduled for release in early 2016. Oriental DreamWorks contributes by adding Chinese elements, creating storyboards and building parts of the 3-D digital sets.

《功夫熊貓3》是好萊塢的夢工廠動畫電影公司及其中國合作夥伴東方夢工廠的首個合作項目。東方夢工廠的股東包括一個政府投資基金和一家私募公司——華人文化產業投資基金。夢工廠動畫負責電影的創意和設計，該片訂於2016年初發行。東方夢工廠負責為影片添加中國元素、製作分鏡表，以及打造部分的立體數位場景。

“We’re trying to develop Chinese creative talents,” says James Fong, the chief executive of Oriental DreamWorks. It is part of a broader push by China Media Capital into the entertainment business. Over the last few years, the investment firm has made deals with Warner Bros. and the IMAX Corporation of Canada.

「我們正在努力培養中國的創意人才，」東方夢工廠的首席執行官方淦說。這是「華人文化產業投資基金」進軍娛樂業宏圖的一部分。過去幾年，這家投資公司與華納兄弟及加拿大的IMAX公司完成數筆交易。對美國企業來說，可藉由這樣的合作接觸新人才，並達成更有利於進入中國市場的製作合約。

For American companies, such collaborations offer access to new talent and production deals that provide greater access to China’s market, which is expected to surpass the United States as the world’s biggest film

market. With China adding an average of 15 cinema screens every day, the country’s box office brought in $4.8 billion last year, tripling in size since 2010, according to the Motion Picture Association of America.

預計幾年之後，中國就會超過美國，成為全世界最大的電影市場。中國平均每天新增15個電影放映廳。根據美國電影協會的數據，中國去年的票房收入達到48億美元，是2010年的三倍。

The rapidly growing market is reshaping the way Hollywood deals with China . Some of Ameri-ca’s biggest television and movie production houses are pushing into China with joint ventures, partnerships and financing projects.

這個快速成長的市場正在重塑好萊塢與中國做生意的方式。某些美國的大型影視製作公司通過合資、合夥以及融資，進軍中國市場。

Lionsgate, the American studio that produced “The Hun-

ger Games,” has licensing and financing deals with Alibaba, the Chinese e-commerce giant, and Hunan TV, a Chinese state-owned broadcaster.

製作《飢餓遊戲》的美國電影公司獅門已經與中國電子商業巨擘阿里巴巴，以及國有的湖南電視台簽訂授權和融資協議。

“The center of gravity is shifting so rapidly from Hollywood to China,” says Rob Cain, a consultant who runs Chinafilmbiz.com. “And it’s not just that the audience is going to come from China.

「重心正以極快速度從好萊塢轉向中國，」中國電影業務網的經營者、行銷顧問甘敏中說。「來自中國的將不只是觀眾，還有資本。」

As global filmmakers look to gain entry to the market, they must now consider the tastes and preferences of a Chinese audience, and the wishes of the Communist Party.

尋求進入中國市場的時候，全球的電影工作者現在必須考慮中國觀眾的品味和偏好，以及共產黨的心願。

“Because of the importance of the Chinese market to Hollywood, no one wants to make movies that offend China,” says T.J. Green, a former Warner Bros, executive ：“Some may see that as self-censorship.”

「因為中國市場對好萊塢十分重要，誰都不想拍出冒犯中國的電影，」華納兄弟的前高管T.J.格林說。「某些人可能會認為這是自我審查。」

Authorities have also made clear that they want China to develop its own powerhouse studios . Major Chinese studios are already taking shape. Alibaba has a studio called Alibaba Pictures. The China Film Group has its own production bases . China Media Capital brought in new partners to develop a $3.1 billion “Dream Center,” a cultural and entertainment district in Shanghai .

當局明確表示想讓中國發展自己的大型影視企業。中國的大型影業公司已經成形。阿里巴巴旗下有一家阿里巴巴影業集團有限公司。中國電影集團有自己的製作基地。「華人文化產業投資基金」帶進新的夥伴，以31億美元在上海開發名為「夢中心」的文化娛樂區。

At the Oriental DreamWorks studio, most of the 260 employees are working on elements of “Kung Fu Panda 3.” The characters’ mouths and jaws are being animated for two languages, English for most audiences and Mandarin for cinemas in China.

在東方夢工廠的工作室，260名員工中的大部分人都在從事與《功夫熊貓3

》有關的重要細節。角色的嘴巴和下巴的動畫製作係針對兩種語言設計，大部分觀眾是英語，中國院線則說漢語。

“We want to leverage the best of the Hollywood creativity with the best Chinese characteristics,” said Mr. Fong of Oriental DreamWorks. “We make it faster, do it cheaper, and in the end do something really innovative.” so is the capital.”

「我們想用最好的中國特色來徹底發揮好萊塢創造力的精華，」東方夢工廠的方淦說。「我們做得更快、成本更低，最後做出真正創新的東西。」

stuck storm door . Repairs have so far cost $12,000 and forced her to take a second job, at night, to pay the bill.

2011年11月，一個規模5.0的地震──幾天內三個同樣強度或更強地震的第一個──使得珍妮佛．林．古柏前一年以11.7萬美元買的房子的正面磚瓦剝落。36歲的古柏出不來，直到父親撬開卡住的防風暴門。到目前為止整修已花掉1.2萬美元，她必須晚上去做第二分工作，才能付帳單。

At a town hall meeting days later, Ms. Cooper said, state officials called the shocks, including a 5.7 tremor that was Oklahoma’s largest ever, “an act of nature, and it was nobody’s fault.”

古柏說，幾天後的市民大會上，奧克拉荷馬州政府官員說這些地震「是天災，不是任何人的錯。」包括一個該州有史以來規模最大的5.7地震。

Many scientists disagree. They say those quakes, and thousands of others before and since, are caused by wells used to bury vast amounts of wastewater from oil and gas exploration near fault zones.

許多科學家不以為然。他們說，這些地震，以及之前和以後的數以千計地震，是廢水井造成的，廢水井用來掩埋斷層區附近開採石油和天然氣所產生的大量廢水。

“As long as you keep injecting wastewater along that fault zone, according to my calculations, you’re going to continue to have earthquakes,” said Arthur F. McGarr, the chief of the induced seismicity project at the federal Earthquake Science Center in Menlo Park, California . “I’d be a little worried if I lived there. ”

加州門洛公園的聯邦地震科學中心誘發性地震活動計畫主持人亞瑟．麥克加爾說：「根據我的推斷，只要你們繼續沿著斷層區注入廢水，地震就不會斷。我若住在那兒，會有點擔心。」

But in a state where oil and gas are economic pillars, elected leaders have been slow to address

the problem. The state seismologist’s office, short-staffed, has stopped analyzing data on tremors smaller than magnitude 2.5 — even though a recent study says those quakes flag hidden seismic hazards “that might prove invaluable for avoiding a damaging earthquake.”

但在這麼個以石油和天然氣為經濟支柱的州，民選領袖一直不急於改正這個問題。州政府地震辦公室人力不足，已停止分析規模小於2.5的地震資料──雖然最近的研究指出，這些地震標示出隱藏的地震危險，「也許會證明對避免一場造成災情的地震極具價值。」

The state’s oil and gas wells gush profits to corporate owners, but also royalties to farmers and homeowners, and tax payments to the state and cities. The industry supports as many as one in five Oklahoma jobs.

奧州的石油和天然氣井為業主湧出源源不絕的利潤，但也分給農人和房屋所有人權利金，並繳稅給州和各市政府。這個產業提供奧州五分之一的工作。

From 2010 to 2013, Oklahoma oil production jumped by two-thirds and gas production rose by more than one-sixth . The amount of wastewater buried annually rose one-fifth, to nearly 1.1 billion barrels. And Oklahoma went from three earthquakes of magnitude 3.0 or greater to 109 — and to 585 in 2014, and to 750-plus this year, should the current pace continue.

從2010年到2013年，奧州石油產量激增三分之二，天然氣產量也增加逾六分之一。掩埋的廢水量每年增加五分之一，逼近11億桶。而奧州規模3以上的地震，從3個增加到109個，2014年增至585個，若繼續以目前的速度增加，今年會有750多個。

Many in the industry were reluctant to comment . But Kim Hatfield, the regulatory chair-man of the Oklahoma Independent Petroleum Association and president of Crawley Petroleum, warned, “A reaction of panic is not useful.”

許多業界人士不願置評。但奧克拉荷馬獨立石油協會的監理主席、克勞雷石油公司總裁金姆．哈特菲爾德警告道：「恐慌的反應沒有用」。

The mechanics of waste water-induced earthquakes are

straightforward: Soaked with enough fluid, a layer of rock expands and gets heavier. Earthquakes can occur when the pressure from the fluid reaches a fault, through direct contact with the soaked rock or from the expanding rock. Seismologists have documented such quakes since the 1960s.

廢水誘發地震的原理很簡單：岩層浸滿液體，會膨脹和變重。當液體的壓力碰到斷層時，可能引發地震，不管是斷層與浸了液體的岩石直接接觸，或是來自膨脹岩石的壓力。地震學家自1960年代開始記錄這類地震。

But nowhere have they approached the number and scope

of Oklahoma’s quakes, which have struck a fifth of the state. One reason, scientists suspect, is that Oklahoma’s main waste disposal site, a bed of porous

limestone , lies close to the hard, highly stressed rock containing the faults that cause quakes.

但沒有其他地方地震的數量和範圍能與奧州相比，該州五分之一地區都發生地震。科學家推測原因之一是，奧州最大廢水處理場地，一個多孔的石灰岩床，位置靠近堅硬、壓力很高的岩石，岩石包含了會引起地震的斷層。

The salty, sometimes toxic wastewater is a byproduct of extracting oil and gas, whether by hydraulic fracturing of once-unreachable shale deposits, commonly called fracking, or from conventional wells. Most is pumped out of the ground with oil or gas, then returned to the earth in a so-called disposal well, often at a different location.

含有鹽分，有時有毒的廢水是抽出石油和天然氣的副產品，不論是用水力壓裂法，一般稱為壓裂法，從過去無法企及的油頁岩藏抽取，或是從傳統的油井抽取。大部分廢水是與石油或天然氣一起從地下汲出，再注入一個所謂的廢水處理井送回地下，廢水井和油井通常在不同地點。

Some other states like Arkansas and Kansas have imposed blanket shutdowns or cutbacks on wells near active quake zones.

其他一些州，像是阿肯色和堪薩斯，已強制全面關閉或減少靠近地震活躍區的井。

Federal seismologists have for a year warned of rising earth-quake risks. Last month, a South African geophysicist delivered the most specific warning yet:Another magnitude 5-plus quake could occur by 2016, and one fault running through Stillwater and two other cities could yield up to a magnitude 6.5 shock.

聯邦地震學家一年來不斷警告地震風險升高。上個月，一位南非地球物理學家傳達迄今最明確的警告：2016年之前還會發生一次規模5以上的地震，而且一條經過斯蒂爾沃特市和另兩個城市的斷層，可能發生規模6.5的地震。

Continental Resources, one of the state’s biggest oil and gas companies , has been arguing in newspapers, on television and to regulators that the earthquake epidemic is not man-made, but part of an unusually active period for quakes worldwide.

奧州最大的石油和天然氣公司之一、大陸資源公司一直在報紙上、電視上，以及主管官員面前辯稱，地震流行不是人為造成的，而是因為全球處於不尋常的地震活躍期。

Still,Robert G. Gum, a lawyer for another company, New Dominion, warned at a hearing that if juries hold the companies liable for Prague’s earthquakes, “ these wells will become economic and legal liability pariahs. They will be shut down.”

還有，另一家公司New Dominion的律師羅伯．岡姆在一場聽證會上警告，如果陪審團裁決這些公司必須為普拉格的地震負責，這些井將成為經濟和法律上的負資產。它們將被關閉。」

Ms. Cooper, who is part of a class-action suit, said: “If the truth destroys something, then it needs to be destroyed.”

參與集體訴訟的古柏說：「如果真相要摧毀某樣東西，它就該被摧毀。」