On a recent afternoon in Los Angeles, 15-year-old Bryce Xavier went to the Olive Garden with his mom, pulled out his phone and broadcast lunch. Across the country, teenagers’ phones lit up with a push notification: Bryce was live.

The phone framed Bryce in close-up. His mom sat off-camera across the table; her son had really come to eat with his fans. Tens of thousands of them poured into a virtual chat room that layered over his image. A bright stream of emoji floated up the side of Bryce’s face, the product of hundreds of fingers tapping the “like” button at the same time.

洛杉磯近日一個下午，15歲的布萊斯．札維耶與母親一起去到「橄欖園」，他掏出手機，直播午餐實況。全國各地青少年的手機亮起推播通知：布萊斯上線直播。

手機框出布萊斯的特寫鏡頭。他的母親坐在同桌的對面，沒有入鏡；她的兒子實際上是前來與粉絲一起用餐。數以萬計的粉絲湧入與他的影像重疊的實境聊天室。一串明亮的表情符號浮現在布萊斯臉的旁邊，這是數以百計的手指同時按「讚」的產物。

Bryce is a star on Live.ly, a year-old live-streaming platform with a core audience of teenage girls. Within three months of its release, according to the mobile app data firm SurveyMonkey Intelligence, Live.ly had unseated Periscope as the iPhone’s top live-streaming app.

Bryce is a budding multihyphenate — he identifies as a singer, actor, model and violinist — but he has recently distinguished himself as a Live.ly personality, spending nearly every day wading through a virtual crowd of anonymous fans. Since joining Live.ly last summer, he’s accumulated over 33 million bits of “emoji-love,” the platform’s main metric of success. His most dedicated fans also ship him physical emblems like teddy bears, packets of Sour Patch Kids and posters inscribed with their internet handles and notes like: “I love you. Follow me.” A few months ago, he stopped attending school and started home schooling to accommodate the demands of his social media and entertainment work.

布萊斯是直播平台Live.ly的明星，這個成立一年的直播平台有一群青少女死忠觀眾。根據行動app資料公司SurveyMonkey情報公司的資料，Live.ly在上線3個月內就把Periscope擠下iPhone的直播app冠軍寶座。

布萊斯是初露鋒芒的多角明星─他以歌手、演員、模特兒和小提琴家自居─最近卻成為表現亮眼的Live.ly名人，幾乎每天都為一群虛擬的匿名粉絲賣力演出。去年夏天加入Live.ly至今，他已累積超過3300萬個「愛的表情符號」，亦即這個平台衡量成功的主要工具。他的最死忠粉絲也寄給他實體的象徵，像是泰迪熊、一包包的「小人兒酸軟糖」，以及寫上他們的網路別名和留言的海報，像是：「我愛你。跟隨我。」幾個月前，他不再上學，開始在家自學，以因應他的社群媒體和娛樂工作的需求。

In the streaming of Bryce’s life, lunch is a recurring event. He calls it “A Bite With Bryce.” “It’s like we’re going on a lunch date,” Bryce told me later. “I go to my favorite places, and then they can become my fans’ favorite places, too, through the phone screen.”

Live streaming has been hailed as an “authentic” respite from the artificial projections of other social platforms.

在布萊斯的直播中，午餐是不斷重複的場景。他稱為「與布萊斯一起大快朵頤」。「這好像我們有個午餐約會」，他後來對我說。「我去我最喜愛的地方，然後這些地方透過手機螢幕，也成為我的粉絲最喜愛的地方。」

串流直播被譽為「真品」，讓人暫時擺脫其他社群平台的人造播出內容。

說文解字看新聞

文／田思怡

本文介紹美國當紅的直播網紅札維耶。網紅的英文有很多說法，像是an Internet celebrity（網路名人）、a blogebrity（部落格名人）、a cyberstar（網路明星）、an online personality（網路名人）等。

札維耶不僅是網紅，還是直播網紅（a live-streaming star），不同於其他網紅可以貼出擺拍（posed shots）或經過剪接的影片（edited videos），直播是現場立即播出，無法加工，一般認為較真實（real），但本文指出，現在的直播也不真，充斥加工的痕跡，例如商業化的互動（commodified interactions）和刻意塑造一種青少年生活（mold a teenage life）。

本文第四段a multihyphenate是身兼多重角色的人，hyphen是連字符號（-），hyphenate是用連字符號連接，例如a singer-songwriter （歌手兼作詞曲人）或是an actor-director（演員兼導演）。multihyphenate則不只是雙重角色，例如an actor-artist-author-presenter（一位演員兼藝術家兼作家兼主持人）。

Rachel Ginsberg is a clinical psychologist at the NewYork-Presbyterian Youth Anxiety Center, a research and clinical program that brings together experts from NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center and Weill Cornell Medicine. She is part of its Launching Emerging Adults Program aimed at teenagers and young adults.

Ginsberg works with clients on lack of emotional readiness and academic and “adulting” skills, as well as on social anxiety — issues that can become more apparent in college and can lead to students’ lives’ unraveling.

瑞秋．金斯伯格是紐約長老會青年焦慮防治中心的臨床心理師，該中心是聚集紐約長老會醫院、哥倫比亞大學醫學中心和康乃爾大學威爾醫學院的專家的一項研究和臨床計畫。她參與了鎖定青少年與年輕成年人的「啟動初顯期成年人計畫」。

金斯伯格的輔導對象欠缺情感上的準備，以及學術和「步入成年」的技能，此外還有社交焦慮問題——這些問題在大學會更顯著，導致學生生活脫離正軌。

So how can a person develop these skills? Below is a list of “exposure tasks” to help students develop strategies for coping with possible challenges and “assertively get their needs met, or manage circumstances that do not go the way that they wished,” Ginsberg said.

Some of these tasks may seem oddly fundamental, and they aren’t all relevant to everyone. For example, Ginsberg may ask a perfectionist to turn in an imperfect assignment, she said, “so that they learn to tolerate the anxiety — that it was not so bad after all, that the outcome does not define them and that the incident did not propel catastrophic consequences, as they might have predicted.”

那麼，一個人該如何發展這些技能？金斯伯格說，以下是「暴露治療練習」單，可以幫助學生發展因應可能挑戰的策略，並「堅定地達到他們的需求，或處理沒有按照他們的期望發展的情勢」。

其中一些練習也許非常基本，也不是樣樣練習都和每個人相干。例如，金斯伯格也許會要求一個完美主義者交出一份有瑕疵的作業，她說，「這樣讓他們學會容忍焦慮—─事情其實沒有那麼糟，這個結果不會界定他們是什麼樣的人，這件事不會像他們預期般產生災難性的後果。」

For people wary of speaking to classmates or professors for fear of being embarrassed or judged as stupid, she might suggest that they place an order at a restaurant and then change it.

Emotional Readiness Challenges :

1.dentify what you’re feeling and communicate it to others. 2.Delay gratification and complete a less preferred task first. 3. Practice“making room”for imperfection by turning in an imperfect assignment. 4.Email your teacher or professor to clarify something on your own. 5.Raise your hand in class and, when called on, start your sentence with “I’m having trouble understanding. …” 6.Order food and then change your order. 7.Approach a group of similar-age peers and ask them a question.

對於擔心與同學或教授交談，恐怕會很丟臉或被認為是笨蛋的人，她也許會建議在餐館點一個菜，然後改變自己的選擇。

情感準備挑戰：

1.認清你的感受，並向他人傳達。2.延後成就感，先完成自己沒那麼喜歡的練習。3.交出不完美的作業，練習為不完美「留空間」。4.寫電郵給老師或教授，澄清一些你自己的事。5.上課時舉手，被叫到時，先說「我不太能夠理解…」。6.在餐館點菜，然後改變自己的選擇。7.走向一群年齡相仿的人，問他們一個問題。

Academic Readiness Challenges :

1.Adhere to a schedule consistently. 2. Ask for help with or clarification on an assignment or test material. 3.Walk into a class that’s already begun, rather than skipping it because you were running late. 4.Speak to your teacher or professor after class. 5.Make a phone call and ask basic (including “obvious” or “awkward”) questions. 6.Call and make your own doctor and dentist appointments.

Daily Functioning ‘Adulting’ Challenges :

1.Make your bed daily. 2.Clean your room on your own. 3.Regulate your sleep by sleeping 7 to 8 hours a night, and going to bed and waking up at decent hours. 4.Cook three basic meals. (Eggs, cereal and pasta don’t count.) 5.Return something to a store. 6.Get up on your own with an alarm. 7.Know the basics of finance (paying bills, writing checks and so on).

學術準備挑戰：

1.持續遵守一項計畫表。2.針對一份作業或考試內容請求幫助或說明。3.走進已經開始上課的教室，不要因為遲到而曠課。4.課後與你的老師或教授交談。5.打電話問一個基本的（包括「淺顯的」或「尷尬的」）問題。6.自己打電話給醫生和牙醫約診。

日常生活的「轉大人」挑戰：

1.每天自己鋪床。2.自己打掃房間。3.保持規律的睡眠，每晚睡七到八小時，早睡早起。4.做三頓便飯。（雞蛋、穀片和義大利麵不算。）5.把某件商品退給商店。6.靠鬧鐘自己起床。7.學會基本的理財（付帳單、開支票等等）。