 TIME
WATCH 時代流行網 |
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The Nestle
1)Boycott
抵制雀巢行動
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Why
some people refuse to drink Nestle coffee
為什麼有些人拒喝雀巢咖啡
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1.
Henri Nestle, a German 2)pharmacist,
saw a need to find a food for babies that could not be
3)breastfed. He created a
4)formula that helped save
the lives of many babies, especially those born too early.
People started hearing about this great new formula and it sold
very well. His success made Henri and his formula very popular,
and allowed him to turn that fame into business in 1866. How
could he have known that the company he started with a
life-saving formula for babies would be boycotted for
5)allegedly hurting and
killing babies in Third World countries? |
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亨利．雀巢是德國藥商，因為有些嬰兒不能吃母奶，他發現有需要為這些嬰兒尋找食物。他創造出一種嬰兒奶粉配方，幫助拯救許多嬰兒的性命，特別是早產兒。民眾開始聽說到這種很棒的新嬰兒奶粉，它也隨之大賣。這項成功使得亨利和他的奶粉大受歡迎，並且讓他在
1866
年將聲譽轉為生意。他怎麼想得到，這家他以一帖救命配方嬰兒奶粉開辦的公司，後來竟然會因為據稱傷害及造成第三世界國家嬰兒死亡而遭到抵制？ |
1) boycott (n.) 聯合抵制
Several people organized(組織) a boycott over that company's
products(產品).
2) pharmacist (n.) 藥商，藥劑師
Carol's dad works as a pharmacist.
3) breastfeed (v.) 餵母奶
They say women should breastfeed their children.
4) formula (n.) 方程式，配方嬰兒奶粉
That baby formula is too expensive.
5) allegedly (adv.) 據稱
John allegedly stole money from his employer(雇主). |
2.
The company started by Nestle became bigger during war years
when it made powdered milk that was sold to soldiers and
6)civilians. When wartime
ended, the company started to make chocolates and coffee, and
gradually grew to be the world's biggest food and
7)beverage company. Most
people think of chocolates when they hear the name Nestle. |
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雀巢成立的這家公司因為在戰時生產奶粉賣給軍人，規模變得更大。戰爭結束時，這家公司開始生產巧克力及咖啡，逐漸成為世界最大的食品及飲料公司。多數人在聽見雀巢時會想到巧克力。 |
6) civilian
(n.) （與軍警相對的）平民百姓
The explosion(爆炸) killed 100 civilians.
7) beverage (n.) 飲料
What kind of beverage would you like to drink? |
3.
Another thing some people think of when they hear the
company's name is 8)greed.
Since 1977, there has been a boycott against Nestle. The company
started by a man who spent his 9)retirement
years 10)donating to the
poor was later 11)accused of
risking 12)infant health
just for 13)profit.
14)Activists
15)claim that Nestle might
have been responsible for the deaths of hundreds or even
thousands of babies in Third World countries. The
16)controversy is over how
the company sold its baby formula to poor mothers. |
| 有些人聽到這家公司的名字，還會想到的一件事是貪婪。雀巢公司自 1977 年起就遭到抵制。這家公司的創辦人，退休之後一直忙著救濟窮人，可是後來公司卻被指控光是為了謀利而置嬰孩健康於險境。活動人士聲稱雀巢公司可能要為第三世界國家數以百計甚至千計的嬰兒死亡負責。爭議在於這家公司如何對貧窮的母親行銷嬰兒奶粉。 |
8) greed (n.) 貪婪
I think there is too much greed in the world.
9) retirement (n.) 退休
Bill's grandfather hated retirement--he thought it was
boring(無聊).
10) donate (v.) +to 捐獻
He donated $10 million to help poor children.
11) accuse (v.) +of 控告，指控
Mary accused Bob of lying(說謊).
12) infant (n.) 嬰兒
The infant likes to suck(吸) its thumb(姆指).
13) profit (n.) 盈利，獲利
The company makes a lot of profit every year.
14) activist (n.) 活動人士，行動主義者
The activist shouted that the government is doing a bad job.
15) claim (v.) 聲稱
She claimed to have graduated(畢業) from Harvard(哈佛), but people
didn't believe her.
16) controversy (n.) 爭議
The controversy over the war in Iraq(伊拉克) has gone on for a long
time. |
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4.
In poor countries, some mothers think that their own breast milk
is not good enough to feed their babies well, because they
themselves are so
17)underfed.
When they see
18)ads
19)boasting
the wonders of formula milk, they may worry that their babies
will not be healthy if they don't get the formula for them.
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貧窮國家有些母親認為用自己的奶水養不好嬰兒，因為做媽媽的本身就營養不良。當她們看見廣告吹噓嬰兒奶粉的神奇功效時，可能會擔心如果不買嬰兒奶粉餵食，小嬰兒就不夠健康。 |
17)
underfed (a.) 營養不足的
Your dog looks underfed--you should give it more food!
18) ad (n.) 廣告，是
advertisement 的簡寫
I heard an interesting ad about toothpaste(牙膏) on the radio.
19) boast (v.) 吹噓
Ted boasted that he could beat(打敗) anyone at chess(西洋棋). |
5.
However, many problems may come with formula milk in Third
World countries. The formula is a powder and must be mixed with
water, but very often the water is not clean. Also, mothers
often find formula milk expensive, so they only give their
babies half 20)portions at
each meal. As a result, infants who could have been
21)nourished with and
protected by breast milk end up 22)malnourished
and dangerously 23)exposed
to 24)germs in unclean
water. |
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然而在第三世界國家，很多問題會隨著嬰兒奶粉而來。嬰兒奶粉是粉狀、必需以水調合，但是水經常不夠乾淨。同時，做媽媽的常會覺得嬰兒奶粉太貴，所以每餐只給寶寶一半的份量。結果，嬰兒本來可以受到母奶滋養與保護的，最後卻是營養不良、而且因為接觸到不潔飲水中的病菌而險象環生。 |
20) portion (n.) 一份
If you want to lose weight, you should eat smaller portions of
food.
21) nourish (v.) 滋養
Gloria nourished her baby back to health.
22) malnourished (a.) 營養不良的
In many parts of Africa(非洲), children are malnourished.
23) expose (v.) +to 使接觸到，暴露
After being exposed to the virus(病毒), she developed a serious
disease.
24) germ (n.) 病菌，細菌
There are a lot of germs in a bathroom. |
6.
Above all, activists accused Nestle of
25)unethical methods of sales
26)promotion. The company
gave free formula samples to new mothers at hospitals. If the
mothers used the 27)substitute
for a few weeks, then when the free sample was finished, her own
breasts would have stopped making milk. As a result, she would
have to continue buying the expensive formula until the baby was
old enough to eat 28)solid
food. Activists saw this method of promotion as proof of
Nestle's greed, and started a boycott against the company in
1977. Many had expected the boycott to last only a short while.
However, Nestle failed to 29)handle
the 30)crisis
31)properly, and didn't make
enough changes to satisfy the activists. Even today, the boycott
still stands. |
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最重要的是，活動人士指控雀巢公司以不道德的手法促銷。公司在醫院贈送新媽媽免費的嬰兒奶粉樣品包。如果媽媽們用了幾週的母奶代替品，等到免費試用包用完了，自己的母奶已經停止分泌。於是就必須續購昂貴的嬰兒奶粉，一直到寶寶大到可以吃固體食物為止。活動人士認為這種促銷手段證明雀巢公司的貪婪，所以在
1977
年發起抵制雀巢行動。許多人以為抵制行動大概只會持續一小段時間。然而，雀巢公司未能適當處理這次危機，也沒有做出足夠的改變來滿足活動人士。甚至到了今天，抵制仍然存在。 |
25)
unethical (a.) 不道德的
Lying(說謊) and stealing(偷竊) are unethical.
26) promotion (n.) 促銷活動
Ron got a promotion to sales manager(業務經理).
27) substitute (n.) 代替品
He is not our regular(正規的) teacher; he is a substitute.
28) solid (a.) 固體的
The temperature(溫度) is so low that the lake is frozen(冰凍).
29) handle (v.) 處理
I think you handled that problem very well.
30) crisis (n.) 危機（複數是
crises）
There seems always to be some kind of crisis in the news.
31) properly (adv.) 恰當地
Make sure you fill out(填) the form(表格) properly. |
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