One of the earliest human civilizations formed in Egypt about 5,000 years ago. It was centered on the Nile River. The land around the Nile was very fertile because the river flooded every year. During the floods, the river left rich topsoil and silt on the land. This let farmers grow many crops. Soon, Egypt had a large population.

Ancient Egypt was ruled by pharaohs. They were kings, but people believed the pharaohs were descended from gods. As god-kings, the pharaohs ruled over the Egyptians, who were slaves.

The ancient Egyptians were great engineers and builders. They built enormous pyramids that were tombs for the pharaohs. They also built the Sphinx near the pyramids. And they constructed many other stone temples and monuments throughout the land.

The ancient Egyptians developed a writing system called hieroglyphics. It used pictures and symbols that represented ideas, sound, and objects. Hieroglyphics were carved on walls and monuments.

最早的人類文明於五千年前發源自埃及，集中在尼羅河的周邊。尼羅河每年定期氾濫，因此附近的土壤十分肥沃。河水氾濫期間，會在當地留下一層肥沃的表土和淤泥，非常適合農人在此種植農作物，也因為如此，很快地，埃及就聚集了大量的人口。

古埃及由法老王所統治。法老是古埃及的國王，古埃及人深信法老王是神的化身，法老被視為神王，統治身為奴隸的埃及人。

古埃及人是偉大的工程師和建築師，他們建造出雄偉的金字塔，來作為法老王的墳墓，同時也在金字塔附近建造了獅身人面像，並在埃及境內修建了許多石造神殿和紀念碑。

古埃及人發展出的文字書寫系統叫做「象形文字」。象形文字是一種表示意義、聲音和物體的圖畫和符號系統，刻畫於牆壁和紀念碑上。