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2011/07/26 第16期 訂閱/退訂看歷史報份直接訂閱
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A Deadly Career 如何預防及擺脫過度疲勞
by Matthew Brown
Working long hours can be fatal.
消除腦力疲勞法:適當參加體育鍛煉和休閒活動,積極休息。

   In many cultures, people believe that the only way to get ahead is to push themselves as hard as possible day after day. However, it's no exaggeration to say that working too hard can be unhealthy or even deadly. _(1)_ Japan is one of the few countries that report overwork as a cause of death although it may be more common around the world than people think.
   The first reported case of death from overwork in Japan was in 1969. _(2)_ Not surprisingly, the trend has only increased since then. The phenomenon really caught Japan's attention in the 1980s, when the country was in the middle of an economic bubble. High-ranking executives that were young and healthy began dying suddenly. _(3)_ Over the course of the 1980s, Japan learned more about karoshi. The Japanese are notorious for working hard, and a recent study showed that people in Japan work an average of two hours overtime each day. _(4)_
   While recognizing the problem is an important step, it will be hard for the Japanese to drop the mentality that people have to work long hours even if their health is at risk. Some companies have tried to address the problem by making rules about the amount of overtime an employee can work. _(5)_ Japan is not the only country that suffers from health problems related to overwork. All over the world, the pressure to earn money and gain prestige in one's career is universal. However, without good health, there's no reason to work so hard.

(A) What's more, the overtime is often unpaid.
(B) The only explanation was that they worked themselves to death.
(C) The Japanese have a word for this—karoshi—which means death from overwork.
(D) Unfortunately, many employees simply get around the rule by taking their work home.
(E) A 29-year-old male, who worked in the shipping department at one of Japan's largest newspaper chains, died of a stroke.

 

1. 第一題空格應選 (C)
理由:
a. 空格後一句提到,日本(Japan)是少數舉報過勞(overwork)為死因(a cause of death)的國家之一。
b. (C) 選項的句子提到,日本人(The Japanese)有個字叫 karoshi(過勞死),就是因為工作過勞而死亡(death from overwork)的意思,置入後語意連貫,故選之。
大補丸:
overwork [ `ovK:wRk ] n. & vi. 工作過度
例: You've been overworking a lot this week. You should take time to relax.
(你這星期工作太操勞了。你應該找個時間好好放鬆。)

2. 第二題空格應選 (E)
理由:
a. 空格前一句說,日本第一個通報為過勞死的案例發生在 1969 年,推測空格應是說明此案例為何。
b. (E) 選項的句子接著說,一名任職於日本一家大型報業集團運輸部門的 29 歲男子因中風而死亡,符合推測,置入後語意連貫,故選之。
大補丸:
a. shipping [ `SIpIG ] n. 運輸
b. chain [ tSen ] n. 連鎖經營機構,連鎖店
c. die of...  死於……(疾病、飢餓、衰老等)
die from...  死於……(外傷或其他外在原因)
例: During the war, many people died of starvation.
(在那場戰爭中,有很多人被餓死。)
例: Year after year, many people die from drowning.
(每年都有很多人溺斃。)
d. stroke [ strok ] n. 中風

3. 第三題空格應選 (B)
理由:
a. 空格前面的句子提到,年輕且身體健康的高階主管(High-ranking executives)開始猝死。
b. (B) 選項的句子提到,唯一的解釋是他們(they)為工作而『賣命』,語意連貫,而選項中的 they 指的就是上一句的 High-ranking executives,故選之。
大補丸:
a. explanation [ :EksplJ`neSJn ] n. 解釋,說明
b. 動詞 + sb + to death  使某人因……致死
例: The sight of a large snake in her bathtub scared Gina to death.
(看到浴缸裡有條大蛇把吉娜嚇得半死。)

4. 第四題空格應選 (A)
理由:
a. 空格前一句提到,日本人是出了名的拼命三郎,而最近的研究顯示日本人平均每天加班 2 小時。
b. (A) 選項的句子進一步補充說,此外,加班通常是沒加班費的,置入後語意連貫,故選之。
大補丸:
a. overtime [ `ovK:tZIm ] n. 加班 & adv. 超時地
work overtime  加班
例: Judy worked overtime to meet the deadline.
(茱蒂為了趕上最後期限而加班。)
b. unpaid [ Vn`ped ] a. 無報酬的

5. 第五題空格應選 (D)
理由:
a. 空格前一句提到,有些公司試著規定(making rules)雇員的加班時數來解決這個問題。
b. (D) 選項的句子提到,遺憾的是,許多雇員只好把工作帶回家做來規避這項規定(rule),置入後語意連貫,且兩句均有關鍵字 rule,故選之。
大補丸:
a. employee [ :EmplOI`i ] n. 雇員,職員
employer [ Im`plOIK ] n. 雇主
b. get around...  迴避/逃避……
例: The businessman came up with some ideas to get around the new tax laws.
(這名商人想出一些方法來規避新稅法。)

1. get ahead  獲得成功
例: If you want to get ahead, only hard work will do the trick around here.
(在這裡只有努力工作才有出頭的機會。)
2. exaggeration [ Ig:zAdjJ`reSJn ] n. 誇張
It is no exaggeration to say + that 子句
說……一點都不誇張
例: It is no exaggeration to say that Thailand is a traveler's paradise.
(說泰國是旅遊天堂一點都不誇張。)
3. catch one's attention  引起某人的注意
= catch one's eye
例: The pretty woman caught everyone's attention when she walked into the room.
(那位美女走進房間時,吸引了每個人的注意。)
4. be notorious for...  因……而惡名昭彰
例: Hank is notorious for his drunken behavior at parties.
(漢克因常在派對上酒醉鬧事而惡名昭彰。)
5. an average of + 數字  平均有若干……
例: Getting a college degree takes an average of four years.
(取得大學學位平均需花 4 年時間。)
6. recognize [ `rEkJg:nZIz ] vt. 承認;認出
例: Sam knew who had written the check because he recognized the signature.
(山姆知道是誰開了那張支票,因為他認出簽名。)
7. be at risk  處於危險中
例: The disease is spreading, so everyone is at risk.
(這種疾病正在蔓延,因此人人都有患病的危險。)
8. address [ J`drEs ] vt. 設法解決(問題)
例: We will address the problems at the end-of-the-month meeting.
(我們會在月底的會議上設法解決這些問題。)
9. suffer from...  罹患……疾病;飽受……之苦
例: Bill suffers from insomnia because of all the pressure he has at work.
(比爾因為工作上的壓力而飽受失眠之苦。)
* insomnia [ In`samnIJ ] n. 失眠
10. be related to...  與……有關
例: The police suspected that the crime was related to the drug trade.
(警方懷疑這起犯罪案件和毒品交易有關。)

1. deadly [ `dEdlI ] a. 致命的
同義字:
fatal [ `fetL ] a. 致命的
lethal [ `liHJl ] a. 致命的
2. trend [ trEnd ] n. 趨勢
3. phenomenon [ fJ`namJ:nan ] n. 現象(單數形)
phenomena [ fJ`namJnJ ] n. 現象(複數形)
4. economic bubble  泡沫經濟
注意:
泡沫經濟是指資產價值超越實體經濟,經常由大量投機活動支撐。由於缺乏實體經濟的支撐,因此其資產猶如泡沫(bubble [ `bVbL ])一般容易破裂。
5. high-ranking [ :hZI`rAGkIG ] a. 職位高的
6. executive [ Ig`zEkyUtIv ] n.(公司)主管
7. mentality [ mEn`tAlJtI ] n. 心態;想法
8. prestige [ prEs`tij ] n. 名望,聲譽
9. universal [ :yunJ`vRsL ] a. 普遍的


過勞死:職場拼命三郎的最大敵人
『長』時間工作是會『短』命的。
   在許多文化裡,人們相信成功的不二法門在於日復一日地鞭策自己到達極限。然而,工作太過認真可能有害健康,更甚者還會致命,這種說法一點也不誇張。日本人有個字叫 karoshi(過勞死),就是因為工作過勞而死亡的意思。日本是少數舉報過勞為死因的國家之一,但全世界過勞死的案例可能比人們所想的還要多。
   日本第一個通報為過勞死的案例發生在 1969 年。一名任職於日本一家大型報業集團運輸部門的 29 歲男子因中風而死亡。不令人意外地,從那時起這個趨勢一直在增加。這種現象在 1980 年代相當受到日本的關注,當時該國正處於泡沫經濟的中期。年輕且身體健康的高階主管開始猝死。唯一的解釋是他們為工作而『賣命』。1980 年代期間,日本對 karoshi(過勞死)有更多的了解。日本人是出了名的拼命三郎,而最近的研究顯示日本人平均每天加班 2 小時。此外,加班通常是沒加班費的。
   承認這個問題的存在是很重要的一步,但對日本人來說,要他們拋棄『即使健康亮紅燈也得長時間工作』的觀念並非易事。有些公司試著規定雇員的加班時數來解決這個問題。遺憾的是,許多雇員只好把工作帶回家做來規避這項規定。日本不是唯一一個因為超時工作而產生健康問題的國家。放眼全世界,賺錢以及在職場上博得好名聲的壓力是很普遍的現象。然而,賠上了健康,工作再努力也是枉然。
答案: 1. (C) 2. (E) 3. (B) 4. (A) 5. (D)

 

如何預防及擺脫過度疲勞
消除腦力疲勞法:適當參加體育鍛煉和休閒活動,積極休息。
飲食補充法:注意飲食營養的搭配。多吃含蛋白質、脂肪和豐富的 B 群維生素食物,如豆腐、牛奶、魚肉類,多吃水果、蔬菜,適量飲水。
科學健身方法:一是有氧運動,如跑步、打球、打拳、騎車、爬山等;二是腹式呼吸,全身放鬆後深呼吸,鼓足腹部,憋一會兒再慢慢呼出;三是做保健操;四是點穴按摩。(資料來源:http://pidu123.com/Karoshi.aspx)

 
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