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Fine Coffee Is Enjoyed and Celebrated around the World 拉花藝術的香濃旋風
by William Ryan |
Coffee and art are sometimes inseparable.
咖啡和藝術有時是密不可分的。 |
If you like to drink coffee with milk in coffee shops, then no doubt you must have been served a cup with a beautiful artistic design floating on top. If you have ever wondered _(1)_ they did that, the answer is something called latte▼ art. The designs in milk foam might look simple, but they are not easy to make.
Europeans have been consuming coffee and milk together for centuries, but latte art did not come along _(2)_ the mid-1980s, when David Schomer started the craze in the US. Schomer's articles have appeared in coffee magazines, and he wrote the first book on latte art. Italian barista▼ Luigi Lupi was also doing the same thing at the same time in his home country.
Making latte art requires a special kind of milk called microfoam. It is made by _(3)_ steam to regular milk and rapidly heating it. Pouring the milk into the espresso is the _(4)_ part. The barista must pour it in a way that gets the milk in first. Then the foam is poured on top to create different patterns. The process is exacting and takes perseverance to _(5)_.
Not long ago, coffee drinking was not as much in _(6)_ as it is now in Taiwan. Coffee shops were _(7)_ and convenience stores did not sell ready-to-drink▼ coffee. Of course, that has all changed. Coffee drinkers are everywhere, and Taiwan even produces its own coffees that are _(8)_ international respect.
The annual World Barista Championship (WBC) is the best-known international coffee competition. In it, baristas from over 50 countries, including Taiwan, prepare espressos, cappuccinos, and their own signature drinks to exacting standards. Presented in the form of a 15-minute performance set to music, they are judged on the _(9)_ of taste, creativity, technical skill, and presentation. If you ever get a chance to see the WBC, be sure to _(10)_ for the baristas from Taiwan and check out all the cutting-edge latte art.
(A) scarce (B) with (C) how (D) favor
(E) why (F) master (G) root (H) until
(I) adding (J) basis (K) gaining (L) tricky
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- If you have ever wondered how they did that, the answer is something called latte art.
如果你曾好奇他們是如何辦到的,答案就是所謂的拿鐵藝術。
理由:
a. wonder 當及物動詞時,之後以 when / why / what / where / how 等疑問詞引導的名詞子句作受詞,表『想了解何時/為何/什麼/何處/如何……』。
I wonder how Leo knows about the surprise party next week.
我很納悶為何李奧會知道下星期的驚喜派對。
b. 根據上述,(C) 項應為正選。
- Europeans have been consuming coffee and milk together for centuries, but latte art did not come along until the mid-1980s, when David Schomer started the craze in the US.
歐洲人幾世紀以來一直在飲用加有牛奶的咖啡,但拿鐵藝術一直到 1980 年代中期,也就是大衛.休謨開始在美國掀起這番熱潮時才出現。
理由:
a. 本題測試以下固定用法:
not... until... 直到??才??
Ivy won't be able to wear those pants until she loses a few pounds.
要等艾薇少個幾磅後,她才穿得下那些褲子。
b. 根據上述,(H) 項應為正選。
- It is made by adding steam to regular milk and rapidly heating it.
它是藉由在一般的牛奶中打入蒸氣並迅速加熱所製成。
理由:
a. 空格前有介詞 by(藉由),空格後有受詞 steam (蒸氣),得知空格內應置及物動詞的動名詞形以作 by 之受詞,同時 steam 作該動名詞的受詞。
b. 選項中符合上述的有 (I) adding(加入)及 (K) gaining(獲得,得到),惟根據語意,(I) 項應為正選。
c. add vt. 增加
衍:add A to B 把 A 加到 B 中
Meg always adds a lot of sugar to her coffee because she likes it really sweet.
梅格總是加很多糖到咖啡中,因為她喜歡喝很甜的咖啡。
- Pouring the milk into the espresso is the tricky part.
將牛奶倒進濃縮咖啡中是很困難的一部份。
理由:
a. 空格前有定冠詞 the,空格後有名詞 part(部份),得知空格內應置形容詞以修飾 part。
b. 選項中符合上述的有 (A) scarce(罕見的)及 (L) tricky(難處理的,棘手的),惟根據語意,(L) 項應為正選。
c. tricky a. 難處理的,棘手的
The manager put Al on the spot by asking him a few tricky questions.
該經理問了艾爾一些難以回答的問題讓他很難堪。
*put sb on the spot 讓某人出糗/下不了臺
- The process is exacting and takes perseverance to master.
整個過程要求嚴苛且需要毅力才能精通。
理由:
a. 空格前有引導不定詞的 to,可知空格應置入原形動詞。
b. 選項中符合上述的有 (D) favor(看好,支持)、 (F) master(精通)及 (G) root(使根深蒂固),惟根據語意,(F) 項應為正選。
c. master vt. 精通
English, as with any other language, takes a lot of time and dedication to master.
英文就像其他語言一樣,需要投注很多時間與心力才能精通。
- Not long ago, coffee drinking was not as much in favor as it is now in Taiwan.
不久前,在臺灣喝咖啡並不像現在一樣這麼受到青睞。
理由:
a. 本題測試以下固定用法:
in favor 受歡迎,受寵
This kind of music has been in favor among teens for a couple of years.
這種音樂已經在青少年中流行好幾年了。
b. 根據上述,(D) 項應為正選。
- Coffee shops were scarce and convenience stores did not sell ready-to-drink coffee.
那時,咖啡館十分罕見且便利商店也沒有販售即飲咖啡。
理由:
a. 空格前有 be 動詞的過去式 were,且此句為一完整子句,得知空格內應置形容詞。
b. 選項中符合上述的僅剩 (A) scarce(罕見的),置入後亦符合語意,故為正選。
c. scarce a. 罕見的,稀少的
Natural resources, such as timber and oil, are becoming scarce.
像木材和石油這類的天然資源正日漸稀少。
*timber n. 木材(= lumber)
- Coffee drinkers are everywhere, and Taiwan even produces its own coffees that are gaining international respect.
現在喝咖啡的人隨處可見,臺灣甚至還生產自己的咖啡,這些咖啡也逐漸受到國際的尊重。
理由:
a. 空格前有be 動詞 are,空格後有名詞詞組 international respect(國際的尊重),可知空格內應置入進行式及物動詞。
b. 選項中符合上述的僅剩 (K) gaining(獲得,得到),置入後亦符合語意,故為正選。
c. gain vt. 獲得,得到 & n. 利益;增加
The candidate gained over 80 percent of the vote.
那位候選人獲得超過百分之八十的選票。
Alan claimed that he had never done anything for personal gain.
艾倫宣稱從未做過任何事以獲取個人利益。
- Presented in the form of a 15-minute performance set to music, they are judged on the basis of taste, creativity, technical skill, and presentation.
咖啡師需要面臨的是一場十五分鐘搭配音樂的表演,評審會根據口感、創意、技巧以及呈現的方式來評分。
理由:
a. 本題測試以下固定用法:
on the basis of... 根據……;在……的基礎上
Those decisions were made on the basis of false information.
那些決定是根據錯誤的情報做出來的。
b. 根據上述,(J) 項應為正選。
- If you ever get a chance to see the WBC, be sure to root for the baristas from Taiwan and check out all the cutting-edge latte art.
如果你有機會觀賞到世界盃拉花大賽,務必要為來自臺灣的咖啡師加油打氣,也見識一下所有最新潮的拿鐵藝術吧。
理由:
a. 本題測試以下固定用法:
root for... 支持??
To our disappointment, the team we were rooting for was eliminated in the first round.
令我們失望的是,我們支持的那支隊伍在第一輪就被淘汰了。
*eliminate vt. 淘汰;消除
b. 根據上述,(G) 項應為正選。
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- come along 出現
Mandy will get married only when the right man comes along.
只有在真命天子出現時,曼蒂才會結婚。
- pour A into B 將 A 倒入 B
衍: pour into... (大批)湧入……
= flood into...
Amy put a spoon of honey into her lemonade and then started to stir it.
艾咪在她的檸檬水裡倒入一匙蜂蜜,然後開始攪拌。
*stir vt. 攪拌
Many fans poured into the park for the band's free concert.
許多粉絲湧入公園欣賞該樂團的免費演唱會。
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▼ latte n. 拿鐵咖啡
衍: macchiato n. 瑪奇朵咖啡
▼ cappuccino n. 卡布奇諾咖啡
▼ foam n. 泡沫
▼ barista n. 咖啡師
▼ ready-to-drink a. 立即可飲用的 |
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- inseparable a. 不可分開的
反: separable a. 可分開的,可分離的
These two important issues are inseparable.
這兩項重要的議題密不可分。
The parts were not separable from the whole.
這些零件無法從整體上拆下來。
- no doubt 無疑地
同: undoubtedly adv.
= without (a) doubt
There's no doubt that traveling broadens one's horizons.
毫無疑問,旅遊使人增廣見識。
- artistic a. 藝術的
- float vi. 漂浮;飄浮
There are a lot of leaves floating on the surface of the lake.
湖面上漂浮著許多樹葉。
- wonder vt. 納悶,想知道
衍: wonder + if / whether + S + V 納悶/想知道是否??
wonder + 疑問詞(what、when、where、why、 how 等)引導的名詞子句 納悶/想知道??
I wonder whether my friend will lend me money.
我不知道我朋友會不會借錢給我。
James kept wondering why Cathy changed her mind.
詹姆士一直很納悶為什麼凱西會改變她的心意。
- craze n.(一時的)風潮;狂熱
Many copy-cat shops went out of business after the donut craze died down.
許多模仿跟進的店家都在甜甜圈熱潮退燒後關門大吉了。
*go out of business 倒閉
- steam n. 蒸氣
衍: run out of steam 精疲力盡
Steam engines were developed in the 18th century.
蒸氣引擎是在十八世紀發展出來的。
I have been working so hard for months that now I'm running out of steam.
我為工作勞碌了好幾個月,所以現在我快精疲力盡了。
- exacting a. 苛求的,要求高的
同: demanding a.
I don't like to associate with Ben because he is too exacting.
因為阿班過於苛求,所以我不喜歡和他往來。
- perseverance n. 毅力,堅持不懈
The key to making your life a success is perseverance.
人生成功的關鍵在於堅忍不拔。
- signature a. 招牌的 & n. 簽名
The chef's signature dish is grilled salmon.
這位廚師的招牌菜是烤鮭魚。
Please put your signature at the end of the contract.
請在這份合約的最後簽上您的大名。
- technical a. 技術的;技能的
You need technical training to do this job.
要做這份工作,你需要先接受技術訓練。
- cutting-edge a. 最先進的;頂尖的
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拉花藝術的香濃旋風
咖啡和藝術有時是密不可分的。
如果你喜歡在咖啡館品嚐一杯加有牛奶的咖啡,那麼毫無疑問地,你一定享用過一杯上頭漂浮著美麗藝術設計圖案的咖啡。如果你曾好奇他們是如何辦到的,答案就是所謂的拿鐵藝術。那些設計圖案在奶泡裡看起來好似簡單,但其實它們並不容易製作。
歐洲人幾世紀以來一直在飲用加有牛奶的咖啡,但拿鐵藝術一直到 1980 年代中期,也就是大衛.休謨開始在美國掀起這番熱潮時才出現。休謨的文章出現在咖啡雜誌裡,而他也著作了第一本關於拿鐵藝術的書籍。義大利咖啡師路易吉.鹿皮也在同樣的時期於祖國從事相同的事情。
製作拿鐵藝術需要一種稱作微泡沫的特殊牛奶。它是藉由在一般的牛奶中打入蒸汽並迅速加熱所製成。將牛奶倒進濃縮咖啡中是很困難的一部份。咖啡師必須運用某種方式將牛奶先倒入。接著將泡沫倒在其上,以便製作出不同的圖案。整個過程要求嚴苛且需要毅力才能精通。
不久前,在臺灣喝咖啡並不像現在一樣這麼受到青睞。那時,咖啡館十分罕見且便利商店也沒有販售即飲咖啡。當然,這一切都改變了。現在喝咖啡的人隨處可見,臺灣甚至還生產自己的咖啡,這些咖啡也逐漸受到國際的尊重。
一年一度的世界盃拉花大賽是最著名的國際咖啡賽事。當中來自五十多國的咖啡師,包括臺灣在內,以嚴格的標準調製濃縮咖啡、卡布奇諾和自家的招牌飲品。咖啡師需要面臨的是一場十五分鐘搭配音樂的表演,評審會根據口感、創意、技巧以及呈現的方式來評分。如果你有機會觀賞到世界盃拉花大賽,務必要為來自臺灣的咖啡師加油打氣,也見識一下所有最新潮的拿鐵藝術吧。
答案: 1. C 2. H 3. I 4. L 5. F 6. D 7. A 8. K 9. J 10. G
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