1. think highly / poorly of sb/sth　　對某人／某物評價很高／很差
• Our boss thinks highly of Zack because he handles everything professionally.
柴克處理任何事情都很專業，因此我們老闆很看重他。
• I could tell the board thought poorly of my proposal.
我看得出來董事會覺得我的提案很糟。

2. in this manner　　以這種方式
in a(n)... manner　　以一種……的方式／態度
• Hank often talks to his parents in a rude manner.
漢克經常以很沒禮貌的態度和他父母說話。

3. contrary to...　　與……相對／相反（的是）
• Contrary to popular belief, that country is actually very safe to travel in.
和一般認知不同的是，到那個國家旅遊其實很安全。

4. come across...　　偶然碰見／發現……
• Gina came across her high school teacher on her way to the supermarket.
吉娜在去超市的途中和她的高中老師不期而遇。

5. fend off... / fend... off　　擋開／避開……（的攻擊）
• That police officer fended off the attacks of nine men by himself.
那名警察隻身抵擋九名男子的攻擊。

6. in a row　　連續地
• The exceptional golfer won three tournaments in a row.
那位優秀的高爾夫選手連續贏得三場錦標賽。

1. characterize vt. 以……為特徵
　be characterized by...　　具有……特徵
• The common cold is characterized by sneezing, coughing, and a runny nose.
一般感冒的症狀是打噴嚏、咳嗽和流鼻水。

2. tendency n. 傾向；趨勢
　have a tendency to V　　有（做）……的傾向
• Jill has a tendency to look away when she is telling a lie.
吉兒說謊時往往會把目光移向別處。

3. digest vt. 消化；理解
• You’d better rest and digest the food you just ate before exercising.
你運動前最好先休息一下，讓剛剛吃的食物消化。

4. perception n. 看法，觀點
• Please do not let my outburst affect your perception of me.
請別因為我的情緒失控而影響你對我的觀感。
＊outburst n.（情緒）爆發

5. captivity n. 囚禁，關押
　in captivity　　被圈養；被監禁
• The zoologists observed the Bengal tigers in captivity.
動物學家觀察被圈養的孟加拉虎。
＊zoologist n. 動物學家

6. vulnerable a. 易受傷害的；脆弱的
　be vulnerable to...　　易受……的傷害
• Children and the elderly are vulnerable to the flu.
小孩子和老年人容易得到流感。

7. camouflage vt.（用偽裝）遮掩，掩飾 & n. 保護色；偽裝，掩飾
• Its branch-like body perfectly camouflaged the stick insect on the tree.
竹節蟲樹枝般的身體使牠完美地隱身於樹上。

8. refusal n. 拒絕
• Max persisted in his refusal to pay the extra interest on his credit card bill.
麥克斯堅持拒付信用卡帳單上額外的利息。

9. incredible a. 驚人的；難以置信的
• This new sports car moves at an incredible speed.
這款新跑車奔馳的速度相當驚人。

10. impression n. 印象
make a good / bad impression on...　　給……留下好／壞印象
• Cathy dressed up in hopes of making a good impression on her boyfriend’s parents.
凱西盛裝打扮，希望能給男友的父母留下好印象。

11. elaborate vi. 詳細說明
　elaborate on...　　詳細說明……
• The lawyer was not willing to elaborate on the discussion he had with his client.
那名律師不願意詳述和客戶之間的討論內容。

12. captive a. 被關在籠內的；受監禁的
• Barbara feels it’s wrong for animals to be held captive, so she never visits zoos.
芭芭拉覺得把動物關在籠子裡是不對的，所以她從來不去動物園。

13. cling vi. 緊抓；纏著
　三態為：cling, clung, clung。
　cling to...　　緊抓住／纏著／堅持……
• The boy was scared and clung to his dad.
那男孩感到害怕並緊緊抓住他爸爸。

grip n. & vt. 緊緊抓住，握緊
• Miranda refused to loosen her grip on her husband’s arm when he was trying to leave.
當她老公試圖要離開時，米蘭達拒絕放開他的手臂。
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以下介紹其他表「抓住，握緊」的單字：
a. grasp n. & vt. 抓緊，抓牢
• Howard grasped his daughter’s hand when they crossed the street.
霍華在過馬路時緊抓著女兒的手。
b. grab n. & vt.（突然猛烈地）抓住／抓取
• Both Wendy and Rita made a grab for the same toy in the box.
溫蒂和瑞塔都伸手去抓箱子裡的同一個玩具。
c. clasp n. & vt. 緊握；抱緊
• Peter clasped the vase tightly, fearing that it might drop.
彼得緊緊抓住花瓶，害怕它可能會掉下去。
d. clutch n. & vt.（因害怕、疼痛等而突然）抓住／緊握
• Sean clutched his chest and appeared to be in great pain.
尚恩緊抓自己的胸口，看似感到劇痛。
e. snatch n. 抓；搶奪 & vt.（尤指以武力）抓走；攫取，搶奪
• Ella felt someone behind her trying to snatch her bag.
艾拉感到背後有人在試著搶走她的包包。
f. seize vt.（突然猛烈地）抓住／攫取；（用武力）奪取／搶去
• I was surprised when Kelly suddenly seized my arm.
凱莉突然抓住我的手臂時我感到很驚訝。

... their fur contains algae that make it green...
Octopuses hiding through changing their skin color.
介紹外來語名詞的複數形
在英文中，大多數的規則名詞只要在字尾加 -s 即可形成複數，但有些外來語會保留原來的複數形式，常見者如下（第二個為現代用法）：
單數：-a　　複數：-a → -ae
alga → algae　藻類
formula → formulae / formulas　公式
• Apply these formulas and you can solve the problem with ease.
套用這些公式，你就能輕鬆解出這道題目。

單數：-us　　複數：-us → -i
octopus → octopi / octopuses　章魚
cactus → cacti / cactuses　仙人掌
stimulus → stimuli　刺激物
• The cactus is one of the few plants that can flourish in the desert.
仙人掌是少數可以在沙漠中茁壯成長的植物。

單數：-um　　複數：-um → -a
bacterium → bacteria　細菌
curriculum → curricula / curriculums　課程
datum → data　資料
medium → media / mediums　媒介
• The data was collected by many researchers.
這些資料是由許多研究人員收集而來。
＊ data 今多作不可數名詞，可接單數或複數動詞；datum 則罕用。

單數：-on　　複數：-on → -a
criterion → criteria　標準
phenomenon → phenomena　現象
• There are strict criteria for inclusion in the competition.
這項比賽的參賽標準很嚴格。

單數：-sis　　複數：-sis → -ses
analysis → analyses　分析
diagnosis → diagnoses　診斷
oasis → oases　綠洲
• The farmer made an analysis of the soil to see if it was fertile.
這名農夫分析土壤，看看它是否肥沃。