| 如果你是位主管，你對意見相左的員工深惡痛絕嗎？現在最好換個思維，因為要突破今日所面臨的各項挑戰，一個企業需要更多的熱情與想像力。雖然多數好的企業經營範例都有極佳效率及可預見性，試著傾聽身旁不同意見，或許會因此找到未來的道路。
進入本文前，試著想想以下單字：
(A)異教徒 (B)反傳統 (C)離散
If you were a boss, how would you treat an employee who is always trying to argue against you? You might think of having them laid-off, but making your organization a home for (A)heretics just might be the best way of making sure it has a future.
身為主管，你是怎麼對待總是持相反意見的員工？或許你會生氣，甚至想趕走他們，但是讓他們覺得這是間溫暖的公司，或許才是一個確保未來發展的好方法。
Carmen Medina, who spent her nearly 32-year career "being a heretic" inside the CIA, said, "all change is against the rules." That was certainly true when, as a senior manager of analysts, she championed a disruptive effort to make the U.S. intelligence community more open and adaptive.
Carmen Medina在中情局服務了32年，總是擔任異端分子，她相信所有改變都是從對抗體制開始。她選擇擁護具破壞性的作用力，讓美國情報機關更加開放，並且更有自我調適的能力。
Second, (B)iconoclasts may be inconvenient but they're inevitable in any institution. (1)Bank on it, Medina advises: "You all have heretics. They are not your enemy. They are trying to help you. They are not your problem -- they are probably the start of your solution."
反傳統雖會造成不便，但是對任何機構來說，他們卻是不可或缺的。Medina建議，可以試著相信這些人，「你們都會遇到異議分子，可是他們正在嘗試幫助你。他們不是敵人，也並非是問題來源，他們或許才是找出問題解答的開始。」
IBM was widely recognized as an early Internet leader, the company created a booming e-business offering, and what's remarkable isn't IBM's longevity, but its ability to continuously change. After dot-com bubble, IBM lifer and corporate strategist John Patrick decided to break down all kinds of rules. His efforts spawned a (C)diaspora of inspired activists who have (2)made their own waves over the last 15 years.
IBM被認為是早期網際網路產業的領導者，曾經創造出電子商務榮景，最使人訝異之處並非IBM的長久經營，而是能持續改變的能力。長期在IBM工作的企業戰略家John Patrick在網路泡沫之後打破所有既定規則，他的努力啟發了離散的行動主義者，也開啟了IBM過去15年來內部質變的浪潮。
The author and public speaker Seth Godin believes that a manager should build up the faith, and hire people who embrace it and suspend the religion. "There's a big difference between religion and faith. Religion is the set of rules created to maximize the chances that you will do what the manager wants you to do. A heretic is someone who has faith but could care less about religion."
知名作家及演講者Seth Godin相信一個經理人應當在企業內部建立信念，聘請願意跟隨這條信念的部屬。「信念與信仰有很大的不同，信仰就是一連串規則，遵循這些規則，你就能夠把交辦事做到淋漓盡致。而一個異議份子擁有的是信念，而不會太過理睬信仰。」
Art Kleiner, the author of The Age of Heretics, admires a heretic in an organization. "The Corporate heretics may be the closest thing we have, in our self-contradictory time, to a true conscience of large organizations. Many of them have lost their jobs or failed to reach their potential because they would not (3)turn back from the truth they saw. Despite all of these frustrations, it is better to be a heretic than to have one's soul wither through the denial of a truth. And in the end, the corporations of our time are much, much better because the heretics existed.
作家Art Kleiner在他的著作《The Age of Heretics》中稱讚勇於唱反調的人。他在書中寫到：「這些企業異端份子可能才是最接近我們的人，在陷入矛盾的時候，成為一個大型機構的真實良善面。他們寧可丟掉飯碗或無法大展身手，也不願背對真理。縱使遭遇很多挫折，他們寧願成為一個忠實的反對黨，而不願因掩蔽真象而讓心靈枯萎。最終，企業會因為這些異議分子變得越來越好。」
口語字彙
1. bank on it 確信、值得相信
Bank on something 有依賴之意，等同於count on。
例：You can bank on it. We will win the game tomorrow.你要相信我們。我們會贏得明天的比賽。
2. make waves 改變
形容對現狀產生衝擊。
例：They have to lie in order to avoid making waves.為了避免發生改變，他們必須撒謊。
3. turn back
如果是及物動詞，有讓某件事物往回走的意思。不及物動詞時，則是後退之意。
例：The guard turned back the crowd in the hall.警衛將大廳中的人群趕走。
例：To find his wallet, he turned back to his room. 為了找皮夾，他走回自己房間。 | 
