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¯Ã®É©P³øºë¿ï Measuring the Rise of the Doughy, but Desirable, Dad Body¡þ¤k©Ê·sÃd ¡uª¨ª¨¨{¡v¸ÜÃDºô¸ôµo¿N
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Measuring the Rise of the Doughy, but Desirable, Dad Body¡þ¤k©Ê·sÃd ¡uª¨ª¨¨{¡v¸ÜÃDºô¸ôµo¿N
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The Internet has burned recently with commentary about women¡¦s alleged new interest in the soft, doughy ¡§dad bod.¡¨

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How much softer a man¡¦s body gets, on average, when he becomes a father?

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Every few years the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States herds about 5,000 men and women into medical trailers to be poked, prodded, measured and weighed.

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On average, dads are 5 kilos heavier than non-dads; they¡¦re carrying nearly an extra five centimeters on their waist; and their bellies stick out an extra centimeter or so.

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¹Ï¤ù¨Ó·½¡þGraeme Maclean(CC BY-SA 2.0)

Health care workers measure the sagittal abdominal diameter by having the subject lie flat on a table so that they can measure how high the navel sits above the table surface to get an objective, scientific assessment of the gut.

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In the latest data from this survey, half the non-dads in the 18-to-45 bracket had a sagittal abdominal diameter of less than 20 centimeters, but only 29 percent of the dads did. But dads seem to wear their extra paunch with some degree of comfort. Despite the extra five kilos, nearly as many dads described themselves as being ¡§about the right weight¡¨ as those who are not dads. (The exact proportions are 49 percent and 53 percent.)

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Call this fatherly self-satisfaction a result of diminished expectations: When asked their ideal weight, dads volunteered a number that was two kilos heavier than what non-dads did.

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And fathers seemed to be making no particular effort to fight the dad bod. They were no more likely than non-dads to say they had tried to lose weight in the last year, with 70 percent saying they hadn¡¦t.

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We can¡¦t definitively say that the dad bod is a consequence, rather than a cause, of fatherhood. After all, if the Internet is right that men with an extra layer of cushioning really are more attractive, perhaps they¡¦re more likely to reproduce.

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But two pieces of evidence suggest there is something about dads¡¦ lives that causes the dad bod. Although dads weigh five kilos more than non-dads, when those 27 and older in both groups are asked how much they weighed at age 25, the weight difference was much smaller, only a kilo.

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And the dad bod is barely evident among recent dads while it is much more prominent among those with older children. Over the years, as these men relax into fatherhood, their waistline seems to relax with them.

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That relaxation does not seem to be just about getting older. Of the five-kilo difference found between dads and non-dads, one kilo can be attributed to age: In part, dads tend to be a little heavier than non-dads because they tend to be a little older. And married men tend to be heavier than unmarried ones. But even after adjusting for differences in age and marital status, a noticeable difference between dad and non-dad bods persists.

³o¼Ëªº©ñÃP¦ü¥G¤£¶È»P¦~ÄÖ¼Wªø¦³Ãö¡Cª¨ª¨©M«Dª¨ª¨ªº5¤½¤çÅé­«®t²§¡A¦³1¤½¤ç¥i¥HÂk¦]©ó¦~¬ö¡G¬YºØµ{«×¤W¡Aª¨ª¨¥i¯à¤ñ«Dª¨ª¨­«¡A¨º¬O¦]¬°ª¨ª¨¦~ÄÖ³q±`¤ñ¸û¤j¡C¦Ó¤w±B¨k©Ê¤S¥i¯à¤ñ¥¼±B¨k©Ê­«¡C¦ý§Y¨Ï¬O½Õ¾ã¹L¦~ÄÖ©M±B«Ãª¬ºA³y¦¨ªº®t²§«á¡Aª¨ª¨»P«Dª¨ª¨¤§¶¡ªº¤@­ÓÅãµÛ®t²§¤´Â¦s¦b¡C

Some in the news media have called the ¡§dad bod¡¨ phenomenon a double standard. Nobody¡¦s talking approvingly about the ¡§mom bod,¡¨ even though the same data show approximately equal parenthood gains in weight, waistline and belly size for men and women.

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Parents of both sexes adjust their expectations in the same way: Moms in our age bracket were four kilos heavier than the non-moms, but much like the dads, they adjusted their average desired weight targets up (by less than two kilos). Yet both moms and non-moms are much more likely than dads and non-dads to report that they tried to lose weight in the last year, and on average women report they would like to lose about twice as much weight as men.

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The ¡§dad bod¡¨ fascination seems to be one of the manifestations of the double standard, and perhaps it¡¦s something men have already internalized, by deciding it¡¦s O.K. to let themselves go at least a little.

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After a Bank¡¦s Failure, Siena Is Looking for Its Renaissance/ ¶ÆºC³y´N¥¨¤jÁ«·l ¥@¬É³Ì¦Ñ»È¦æ¡u¦è¶®¯Ç¡v©é¦A¥Í
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Operators of an ambulance services had to find new sources of funds. A biotech company filed for bankruptcy. The local professional soccer team slipped into the minor leagues after it could not pay top players. As for the Palio, Siena¡¦s famed bareback horse race, clans must pay for their own costumes.

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¹ÏÂ^¦ÛBanca Monte dei Paschi di Siena

Siena, a city in central Tuscany, is scrambling to fill the financial hole caused by the near collapse of Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena, the world¡¦s oldest bank.

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The foundation that owned the bank financed a broad range of social services and cultural events, showering 150 million euros a year, about $170 million, on Siena and the surrounding region. The bank was the city¡¦s largest private sector employer. Now, Siena is trying to attract outside investments and show that it can create jobs.

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Since its founding in 1472, Monte dei Paschi and its wealth have been at the center of life in Siena. The bank survived plagues, panics and wars. Its headquarters are still located inside a medieval fortress. But modern financial hubris felled the centuries-old bank. In 2008, Monte dei Paschi acquired a rival to become Italy¡¦s third-largest bank. The £á9 billion price tag was considered too high, even at the time, and bank management engaging in a series of derivatives transactions that later produced huge losses.

¡u¦è¶®¯Ç»È¦æ¶°¹Î¡v1472¦~¦¨¥ß¥H¨Ó¡A¥¦ªº°]´I¤@ª½¬O¦è¶®¯Çªº©R¯ß¡C»È¦æ¼õ¹L½E¬Ì¡B®£·W©M¾Ôª§¡C¥¦ªºÁ`³¡¤´§¤¸¨¦b¤@­Ó¤¤¥@¬ö³ùÂS¤º¡CµM¦Ó²{¥Nª÷¿Ä·~ªº¶ÆºCÀ»«±¤F³o®a¼Æ¦Ê¦~¾ú¥vªº»È¦æ¡C2008¦~¡A¸Ó¦æ¦¬ÁÊÄvª§¹ï¤â¦¨¬°¸q¤j§Q²Ä¤T¤j»È¦æ¡C90»õ¼Ú¤¸ªº»ù½X´N¦b·í®É¤]¶û¹L°ª¡A¸Ó¦æºÞ²z¶¥¼h¨Ã¥B±q¨Æ¤@¨t¦C­l¥Í©Ê°Ó«~¥æ©ö¡A«á¨Ó³y¦¨¥¨¤jÁ«·l¡C

In mid-June, Monte dei Paschi completed a sale of shares valued at £á3 billion and replenished its capital. But the bank is gasping under a pile of bad loans and has effectively put itself up for sale, which could mean moving its headquarters. Fabrizio Viola, the bank¡¦s chief executive, said that Monte dei Paschi will continue to support Siena as a bank, though not as a benefactor.

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¡§There was too much money. Everything was easy,¡¨ said Marcello Clarich, the president of the Monte dei Paschi Foundation. ¡§Now we are going back to normality.¡¨

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With a large and well-preserved medieval center, Siena is crowded with tourists in the summer but is often underbooked the rest of the year. Work has long been underway to improve the highway that connects with Florence, and local officials have staged events to attract sports tourists.

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Officials are also trying to turn the surrounding province of Tuscany into an international center for drug research. The British drugmaker GlaxoSmithKline has a large operation in Siena. The effort suffered a blow when Siena Biotech, filed for bankruptcy in April. Despite spending 14 years and £á160 million seeking treatments for Alzheimer¡¦s and Huntington¡¦s diseases, the company never produced any marketable therapies. The failure of Siena Biotech, which depended entirely on the Monte dei Paschi Foundation, is seen as a cautionary tale.

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Now officials are trying a new strategy. Toscana Life Sciences is serving as an incubator for 16 start-ups developing new technologies and related services. It is trying to mold the small pharmaceutical companies scattered around the region into a cluster that can feed off each other and take better advantage of the proximity of GlaxoSmithKline as well as Eli Lilly, which has a drugmaking plant outside Florence.

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But the effort also requires a government rethink. Investors won¡¦t come to Tuscany ¡§just because it¡¦s more beautiful and has better wine,¡¨ said Andrea Paolini, director general of Toscana Life Sciences.

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Entrepreneurs here, as with much of Italy, face a mountain of bureaucracy. So officials are trying to simplify things.

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¡§This is critical for companies,¡¨ said Luigi Marroni, the regional minister of health. ¡§If it takes six months to get an approval in Tuscany and two months in New Jersey, they¡¦ll go to New Jersey.¡¨

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In January, the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, a nonprofit health care provider, decided to open a center to diagnose liver and digestive ailments in Chianciano Terme, a town near Siena known for its healing waters. Officials in Siena helped accelerate the approval process, and the center opened in June.

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¡§Our impression is that the local government is really pushing hard,¡¨ said Bruno Gridelli of U.P.M.C. International. ¡§They understand that if they want to improve the economy, particularly after the problems of Monte dei Paschi, they need to attract investment.¡¨

¡u°ê»Ú¤Ç¯÷³ù¤j¾Ç°ê»ÚÂå¾Ç¤¤¤ß¡vªº¥¬¾|¿Õ¡D¸¯¨½¼w§Q»¡¡G¡u§Ú­Ìªº¦L¶H¬O¡A¦a¤è¬F©²¯uªº«Ü§V¤O¦b±À°Ê¡C¥L­Ì©ú¥Õ¡A·Q­n§ïµ½¸gÀÙ¡A¯S§O¬O¦b¦è¶®¯Ç»È¦æ¶°¹Î°ÝÃDµo¥Í«á¡A¥L­Ì»Ý­n§l¤Þ§ë¸ê¡C¡v

Officials are working on centralizing procedures like building permits. Bruno Valentini, Siena¡¦s mayor, said, ¡§The only way to save the city is to renew it.¡¨

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